“拉洋片” 展亭

荷兰设计公司FABRICations在哥本哈根的Kongens Have建了一个展亭。该设计被命名为 "Trylletromler"，是丹麦语中“拉洋片”的意思。这个19世纪的装置在静止的图像中激活了运动的印象。该馆是丹麦Akademisk Arkitektforening今年年初发布的国际设计竞赛的结果，FABRICations赢得了比赛。

The Dutch design firm FABRICations (Amsterdam) has built a pavilion in the Kongens Have (ed. King's Garden) in Copenhagen. The design is named ‘Trylletromler’, the Danish word for zoetrope. This 19th century device activates an impression of movement within a still image. The pavilion is a result of international design competition issued by the Danish Akademisk Arkitektforening early this year, which was won by FABRICations.

罗森博格城堡的文艺复兴时期花园设计是丹麦已知最古老的花园设计范例。该设计在很大程度上借鉴了欧几里得几何学的原理。这种绝对空间的语言长期以来被认为是世界的构造原则。从它衍生出来的建筑、城市主义和景观设计，本质上都是为了利用绝对形状：线、方、三角、球和圆锥，从混沌中创造秩序。后期又加入了巴洛克元素，如迷宫和对角线道路。此外，还引入了Kavalergangen和Damegangen，两条绿树成荫的大道。经过这些改动后，花园再也没有大的变化。这种经典的空间表现一直被精心维护到今天。

The Renaissance garden design of Rosenborg Castle is the oldest known example of garden design in Denmark. The design draws heavily on principles of Euclidean geometry. This language of absolute space was long regarded as the construction principle of the world. The architecture, urbanism and landscape design that were derived from it, were essentially aiming to create order out of chaos using absolute shapes: line, square, triangle, sphere and cone. In a later stage baroque elements were added, such as mazes and diagonal paths. Also Kavalergangen and Damegangen, two tree-lined avenues, were introduced. After these alterations the garden was never drastically changed. This classical representation of space was meticulously maintained until today.

这就是设计一个展亭的背景，这个展亭对所有的公众都是开放的，在空间表现上显得很有创意，并且在习惯上具有挑战性。在保持可移动性的同时，设计必须在非常有限的预算内实现。因此，FABRICations在哥本哈根皇家花园引入了一个新的空间概念，将对 "展亭 "的理解延伸到花园设计中最基本的建筑元素：围栏。这种对空间的新理解，通过质疑花园设计中的严格秩序，给矛盾性和混杂性让路，是一种'模糊策略'。这种策略通过挑起内部和外部的概念，通过引入一个自相矛盾的透明的迷宫，以及通过创造一种运动的幻觉来解决三个独立的悖论。

This is the context for the question to design a pavilion, which is accessible to all public, appears innovative in its spatial expression and is challenging by its idiom. While remaining removable the design had to be realized within a very limited budget. FABRICations therefore introduced a new spatial concept in the royal garden in Copenhagen by stretching the understanding of the ‘pavilion’ towards the most elementary architectural element in garden design: the fence. This new understanding of space provided by questioning strict order in the garden design and give way to ambivalence and hybridity is a ' blurring strategy' . This strategy addresses three independent paradoxes by provoking the notions inside and outside, by introducing a maze that is paradoxically transparent and by creating an illusion of motion.

首先，栅栏作为一个独立的结构是为了限制跨越边界的运动。通过折叠和皱褶栅栏的位置，它产生了空间上被包含或被排斥的新含义。其次，围栏上的开口创造了穿过展亭的路线。大多数开口在外观上类似于部分凸起的幕布，使围栏看起来非常轻盈。由于避开了视线上明显路线上的开口，游客不得不在圆圈形的空间序列中寻找出路。而且并不是所有的开口都能让所有人进入。有些开口只允许孩子们进入馆内，在他们探索馆内的时候逃避父母的目光。可以说，围栏就像一个透视迷宫。

First of all, the fence as a freestanding structure is designed to restrict movement across a boundary. By folding and wrinkling the fence on the location, it produces new meanings of being spatially included or excluded. Secondly, openings in the fence create routes through the pavilion. Most openings in their appearance resemble a partly raised curtain, making the fence look very light. By avoiding openings on obvious routes on sightlines, visitors are forced to find their way through the sequence of circle shaped spaces. And not all the openings are accessible to everybody. Some openings only allow kids into the pavilion, escaping their parents gaze as they explore the pavilion. The fence so to say acts like a see through maze.

第三，栅栏赋予了新的意义，它可以通过所谓的莫里叶图案，在沿着栅栏移动时产生运动的错觉。栅栏由三千块标准的北欧木材制成，这些木材通过不规则的楔形图案连接在一起。栅栏的木条之间的重复开口和它们的连接创造了一个连续的移动图像。当人们想到由木棍组成的栅栏，其狭长的垂直缝隙呈圆形布局时，拉洋片或 "生命之轮 "的形象就会跃入脑海。这个19世纪的装置在静止的图像中引发了运动的印象。

Thirdly, the fence gives new meaning by its potential to create the illusion of motion via the so called moiré patterns while moving along the fence. The fence is made out of three thousand standard pieces of Nordic timber, which are joined using an irregular pattern of wedges. The repetitive openings between the bars of the fence and their connections create a continuous moving image. When one thinks of a fence made out of sticks with narrow vertical slits arranged on a circular layout the image of a Zoetrope - or ‘wheel of life’ - jumps to mind. This 19th century device triggers an impression of movement within a still image.

基于这三个原则，设计了一个有趣的平面图，使用10个完美的圆形组成。该平面设计对给定的环境作出反应，如玫瑰园的出口、水边的雕像、朝向城堡的视线、现有的树线和独树的位置。

Based on these three principles an intriguing floor plan was designed using a composition of ten perfect circles. The plan design reacts to given circumstances such as the exit of the rose garden, the statue by the water, sightlines towards the castle, existing tree lines and the position of solitary trees.

▽项目图纸 Drawings

迷宫一样的结构，其实所有的连接只有一个细节。整个结构用2967块标准件云杉建造，厚度38毫米，宽度68毫米。窄边的立柱是向前放置的，而横联则是用同样的木材旋转九十度制成。每根横梁的高度为200毫米，并在一侧的角度下刨开，因此产生了一个圆形结构。栅栏是以一米为单位的分段预制的，在现场将它们拧在一起，然后锚入地面。结果是一个308米长的蜿蜒木雕。由于使用的是未经处理的云杉，所以在展亭解体后，所有的材料都可以完全再利用。

The maze like structure has in fact only one detail for all its connections. The entire structure built with 2967 standard pieces spruce of 38 millimeters thick and 68 millimeters wide. The narrow side of the uprights is placed forwards, while the cross-links are made of the same wood rotated ninety degrees. Each cross-link has a height of 200 millimeters and is planed under an angle on one side, so a circular structure arises. The fence is prefabricated in segments of one meter, which are screwed together at the site and anchored into the ground. The result is a 308 meter long winding wooden sculpture. Because the spruce is used untreated, all the material can be fully reused after the deconstruction of the pavilion.

该展亭提供的空间质量由许多房间和用户可以探索的方向支持。因此，评委会认为，该项目展示了建筑师挑战和赋予展亭概念新意义的最佳愿望和能力。"我们很高兴能够支持这一倡议，在丹麦首次按照国际模式建造展亭。丹麦和国际公众都将有机会看到建筑业的另类创新解决方案。这完全符合我们的目标，即支持那些从发展和与社区互动中促进建筑行业发展的项目"，德雷尔基金会的首席执行官Bo Rygaard说，该基金会支持了这次比赛。

The spatial quality offered by the pavilion is supported by the many rooms and directions users can explore. According to the jury the project therefore demonstrates the best desire and ability of architects to challenge and give new meaning to the concept of the pavilion. "We are very pleased that we can support this initiative to have a pavilion - after international model – build here in Denmark for the very first time. Both the Danish and international public will have the opportunity to see alternative and innovative solutions for the construction industry. This is fully in line with our aim to support projects that promote the architectural profession from development and interaction with the community", says Bo Rygaard, CEO of The Dreyer Foundation, which has supported the competition.

游客对展亭的使用情况证实了评委会的判断。国王花园每天从日出到日落开放。在这段时间里，人们似乎没有一刻不在使用展亭。围栏被证明有很大的吸引力。人们在蜿蜒曲折的结构中惊叹不已。孩子们立即认识到这个巨大的游乐设施的潜力，但成年人也完全占有。无论是浪漫的情侣、自行车信使俱乐部、跑步者、遛狗的人还是在户外享受午餐的人，每个人都能在这个无尽的围栏中找到自己的位置。一道栅栏就这样不再是分隔，而是将人们连接起来，团结起来，让人们感到震惊。栅栏延伸了展亭的概念，最重要的是标志着丹麦建筑界组织这一年度活动的新雄心的启动。

The use of the pavilion by the visitors confirms the jury in its judgment. King’s Garden is opened daily from sunrise till sunset. During that time there appears to be no moment when people are not using the pavilion. The fence proves to have a great attractive effect. People wonder amazed through the winding structure. Kids immediately recognize the potential of this enormous playset, but also adults take full possession. Whether it’s romantic couples, a club of bike messengers, runners, people walking their dogs or people who enjoy their lunch outside everyone finds a place in this endless fence. A fence thus that no longer separates but also connects, unites and astounds people. A fence that stretches the concept of a pavilion and above all marks the launch of a new ambition to organize this yearly event in Danish architecture.

Project: Trylletromler

Design firm: FABRICations

Design Directors: Eric Frijters, Olv Klijn; Project Team: Greta Mozzachiodi, Guillermo Lavernia, Charlotte Simpson And Ida Fløche Moller

Team Architektforeningen: Ali Arvanaghi, Dorte Sibast

Construction Team: Moelven Denmark A/S, Copenhagen Technical College

Client: Danish Architects Association And Daa Copenhagen Department

Financial Support: The Dreyer Foundation, Danmarks Nationalbank's Anniversary Foundation, National Arts Foundation, Moelven Denmark A/S, Copenhagen Technical College, The Danish Architects' Association

Photography: Walter Herfst