“悬挑”之家

公司：	Zero Energy Design Lab	类型：	建筑
地区：	印度	标签：	别墅私宅

项目从当地的乡土风情中汲取灵感，并通过现代的设计语言进行表达，成为一个四口之家。其设计是为了响应客户对户外活动的热爱。它采用了一系列设计机制，最大限度地减少了资源消耗，降低了建筑对环境的影响，同时提高了居民的热舒适度。

The Cantilever House draws from the regional vernacular and finds expression through a contemporary lens to become a home for a family of four. Located in the Raj Nagar locality of Ghaziabad, part of the National Capital Region of Delhi, the house is designed in response to the clients' love for the outdoors. It employs a series of mechanisms that minimize resource consumption, and reduce the building's environmental impact while enhancing the residents' thermal comfort.

建筑设计

巨大的悬挑是其名字的来源，它是设计语汇的基础，突出了建筑的规模，并通过对水平方向的关注打破了其体量。考虑到悬臂构成了设计方案的主要部分，而且一个典型的悬臂需要足够的钢筋来产生结构的完整性，因此，首要的挑战是如何在设计框架时明智地使用钢筋以保证经济可行性。此外，该设计还受到了客户的质疑，因此现场的工人必须经过培训才能精确地执行施工。然而，总体的设计意图是创造一种隐私感，同时为家庭提供一个开放的、连接的环境。这通过生活空间的有趣互动来实现，主要的生活区域位于底层，而私人区域则位于上层。

Architectural Design

The large cantilevers that the house derives its name from, anchor its design vocabulary, highlighting the scale of the building and breaking its mass through the focus on horizontality. The primary challenge was to design the frame with judicious use of steel for economic viability, given that the cantilevers form a dominant part of the design scheme and a typical one demands adequate steel reinforcement to generate structural integrity. Additionally, the design received scepticism from the client, and workers on the site had to be trained to execute the construction with precision. The overarching design intent however, was to create a sense of privacy while channelling an open, connected environment for the family. This took shape through an interesting interplay of living spaces, with the main living areas occupying the ground floor and the private areas located on the first floor.

设计方案主要由两个方面驱动：第一，吸收传统的建筑智慧，并在当代环境中找到合适的表达方式。第二，私密空间的分布和不同的体量的布局，以便根据一天中的时间和私密性的要求来考虑使用的多样性。一系列连接的生活空间、庭院和卧室的规划，目的是为了创造一个可以在一天中充满生机的家。同样，悬臂板横跨阳台，呈现出一种现代美学，同时在下面创造出阴凉的空间。

The design scheme was largely driven by two endeavours: first, to assimilate traditional building wisdom and find an appropriate expression within the contemporary context. Second, the distribution of various private spaces and varying volumes are planned in order to account for the diversity of usage based on the time of the day and privacy required. a series of connected living spaces, courtyards, and bedrooms were planned with the intent to create a home that could be brought to life throughout the day. Similarly, the cantilever slabs spanning the verandah, render a modern aesthetic while creating shaded spaces underneath.

悬挑形式的几何形状，有助于空间不仅是美学上的也是功能上的外部化和空间的最大化。空间是流动的，交织的，中间的空间创造了从内部到外部的无缝过渡。当人们通过东向入口门廊上的双层挑高大厅被领进屋内时，会被花园的水体景观所吸引。将外部环境引入室内，通过在室内空间提供绿色区域，与室外景观建立起强烈的视觉联系。

The geometry of the cantilevered forms is such that it aids in externalizing rooms and maximizing space, serving not only aesthetic but also functional purposes. Spaces are fluid and interwoven, with interstitial spaces creating seamless transitions from the inside to the outside. As one is led into the house through the double-height lobby on the east-facing entrance porch, they are pleasantly surprised by the garden's view with a water body. Bringing the exterior environment inside, by providing green areas in the interior spaces, establishes a strong visual connection with the outdoor landscape.

房屋的东（前）立面采用了扩张性的凸起，打破了房屋的体量。位于一楼的主卧室被设计成悬挑式的块状，突出于景观花园。一个大的开口带来了充足的光线，同时也提供了前面草坪的广阔视野。

The east (front) elevation of the house features expansive projections that break the mass of the house. The master bedroom, located on the first floor is designed as a cantilevered block, jutting out over the landscaped garden. A large opening brings in ample light whilst offering expansive views of the front lawns.

设计强调通过布局、使用被动冷却技术和从可再生资源中提取能源。这栋房子是一个矛盾体，宁静而凉爽，装饰简约，但同时，在设计方法上又充满了冒险精神。

The design lays emphasis on responsible living through its layout, the use of passive cooling techniques and by drawing energy from renewable resources. Metaphorically, the house is an oxymoron, serene and cool, with minimalistic decors, yet simultaneously, adventurous in its design approach.

气候因素

该房屋通过一系列的设计干预和被动冷却技术来应对该地区普遍存在的炎热和干燥气候。通过将生活区置于北面和东面，以引入充足的日光，并在西面和南面分配私人区域的空间，该房屋在一天中记录了最小的热增益。南面的窗户由一个凉棚遮挡，以确保南面全年都保持舒适。

Climatic Considerations

The house responds to the hot and dry climate prevalent in the region through a host of design interventions and passive cooling techniques. By placing the living areas in the north and the east to bring in sufficient daylight and by allocating space for private areas in the west and the south, the house records minimal heat gain throughout the day. The windows on the south are shaded by a pergola to ensure that the south face remains comfortable throughout the year.

室内

室内装饰以不同色调的棕色和灰色为特色，与明亮的软垫家具和装饰元素并列使用。房子里充满了舒适的小角落，设计的目的是为了最大限度地提高舒适度和幸福感，并鼓励负责任的生活。

Interiors

The interiors comprise a material palette featuring varying shades of browns and greys juxtaposed with the use of bright, upholstered furniture and decor elements. The house is full of cozy nooks, designed for maximum comfort and wellbeing, as well as encouraging responsible living.

可持续设计

项目考虑到北印度恶劣的气候，采用了一系列机制，在提高住户热舒适度的同时，最大限度地减少资源消耗，降低建筑对环境的影响。例如，双高大堂北侧为夏宫，南侧为冬宫，以实现随时的叠加通风。夜间空间的特点是以最佳的热质来保护白天空间不受南、西阳光的影响。房子的北面是玻璃，以接纳漫射的日光，避免热量获得和眩光。为了防止来自南方的热量摄入，设计中尽量减少了南立面的窗户数量，并通过增加一个凉棚进一步遮挡。外立面安装了双层玻璃单元，采用低辐射涂层，以提高热阻。日间空间几乎所有的玻璃都被设计成向水球场开放。

Sustainable Design

The Cantilever House takes into account the harsh North Indian climate and employs a series of mechanisms that minimize resource consumption and reduce the building’s environmental impact while enhancing the residents’ thermal comfort. For example, the double-height lobby is flanked by the summer court on the north and the winter court on the south to enable stack ventilation at all times. The night-time spaces are characterized by optimum thermal mass to protect the day-time spaces from the south and west sun. The north face of the house is glazed to admit diffused daylight and avoid heat gain and glare. To prevent heat gain from the south, the design minimized the number of windows on the south façade and these were shaded further with the addition of a pergola. The facade is fitted with double-glazed units with low-E coating for thermal resistance. Nearly all glazing for the day-time spaces is designed to open into the water court.

此外，景观特色与建筑围护结构的结合，确保了居民的凉爽微气候。北面的水庭起到了散热的作用；植物和垂直花园在净化空气、捕捉灰尘和污染物的同时，也有助于提高热舒适度。前后草坪与水庭一起作为雨水收集的补给坑。居民的热水需求由安装在屋顶的排空管太阳能热水系统来满足。

Additionally, the integration of landscape features with the built envelope ensures a cool microclimate for the residents. The water court on the north serves as a heat sink; the plants and vertical garden also contribute to thermal comfort while purifying the air, trapping dust and pollutants. The front and rear lawns along with the water court serve as recharge pits for rainwater harvesting. The residents’ hot water requirements are met by evacuated tube solar hot water systems installed on the rooftop.

结语

项目的设计以利用过渡空间为重点，强调这些空间在提供适应性和提高环境建筑质量方面的重要性。房子借鉴了印度的乡土风情和传统建筑元素，并通过对古老的生物气候智慧的深刻理解和应用，重新诠释了这些元素，使其成为一个节能和可持续发展的家庭住宅。

Conclusion

With an overarching focus on utilizing transitional spaces, the design for the Cantilever House upholds the importance of such spaces in providing adaptability and enhancing the built quality of the environment. The house borrows from the Indian vernacular and its traditional architectural elements and is informed by a deep and innate understanding and application of age-old bioclimatic wisdom reinterpreting them to become an energy-efficient and sustainable family home.

▽项目图纸 Drawings