莫斯科国家动物园的儿童空间改造

“莫斯科动物园中的儿童空间并非简单地重新设计，我们是在成人、儿童和动物平等的前提下进行改造。”——Wowhaus bureau团队

Children’s Area at the Moscow Zoo was not simply redesigned, but also reinvented as a place where children, adults and animals are on an equal footing.

目标

Objective:

为了恢复这块贫瘠土地的生机，建立一个拥有全新使用功能，规范场景的场地。并给有限区域内的动物提供舒适的环境，同时为所有年龄段的儿童，提供一个一年四季都可以实用的空间。向孩子们展示动物在自然的栖息地中如何生活。

To resurrect and imbue with new life one of the most barren and little-visited places in the zoo. To establish an environment giving rise to qualitatively new usage formats and scenarios. To provide a comfortable environment for animals within a confined area while facilitating programs of varying durations for all seasons for children of all ages. To show children how animals live in a more natural habitat

解决方案

Solution:
动物园不应该仅仅是一个具有娱乐功能和囚禁动物的场所，而应该是一个学习环境。新的环境传达了自然保护理念，包括全新的以游戏为基础的教育设施。新儿童动物园将重点放在把动物园的儿童区作为一个公共空间，在这里，游客和动物可以成为伙伴

A zoo should not be an entertainment and a place where animals are penned up, but a learning environment. The new environment conveys the idea of nature preservation, and includes new play-based educational facilities. The main point of the new Children’s zoo is to treat the children's area of the zoo as a public space where visitors and animals could be partner

莫斯科动物园是欧洲最古老的动物园之一。但处境并不乐观：位于特大城市的中心，因此通过扩建来进一步发展的机会有限。但可以提高它现有空间的质量。一直到现在，动物园为游客提供的只有童话主题的旅游，甚至园内动物的选择也只能按照故事情节有限选取。儿童动物园需要一个全新的方向，由 Wowhaus 与动物园专家、KB23 的社会学家和生物学家、科学普及者和生物学棋盘游戏设计师 Dmitri Knorre 通过密切合作提供的方向。

The Moscow Zoo is one of the very oldest in Europe. It finds itself in quite a precarious position: located in the center of a megalopolis, it has limited opportunities for further development by means of territorial expansion. But it can enhance the quality of the space it does have. Until quite recently, all that was offered to young visitors were fairy-tale themed tours, where even the selection of animals had to support the story line. The children’s zoo was in need of an entirely new direction, a direction which was provided by Wowhaus in close cooperation with zoo specialists, sociologists from KB23, and Dmitri Knorre, a biologist, popularizer of science, and designer of board games for biology. 

参观动物园将成为孩子们学习社会生活的一部分，由此一来，动物园将不再是孩子们简单地观看动物的地方，而是成为一个公共游乐场和学习的环境。动物和孩子可以一起玩耍并互相学习，但动物们可以在需要时轻松隐藏。因此，通过体验和游戏，孩子们很容易学习到与自然相处的方式。更重要的是，这些动物经过驯养，都是已经在人类周围生活了很长时间的物种。

The resulting approach envisions children’s visits to the zoo as an element of their socialization – in this way, the zoo ceased to be a place where kids simply watch exotic animals, but instead becomes a common playground and a learning enviroment. The animal and the kid can play together and learn from each other, however zoo inhabitants can easily hide when it is needed. Thus, trough experience and plays children learn easily. What is more, the new inhabitants are domesticated animals, species which have been living near humans for ages.  

新的空间设计考虑了三种可行的路线：较短的路线、较长的路线和具有独立活动模块的路线。动物不像通常那样被关在笼子里，而是在开阔的地方，让它们玩耍，或者更自然地活动。

The new space contemplates three potential routes: a briefer one, a longer one, and one with separate activity modules. Animals are situated not in cages as is usually the case, but in open areas allowing them to play and otherwise carry on more naturally.

动物园分为几个区域。在较短的游玩中，人们可以只是经过围栏并观察动物。对于那些游览时间更长的游客来说，还有其他项目——他们可以直接接近动物，触摸它们，并与动物园的工作人员一起照顾它们。每个区域旁边都有一个特殊的儿童游乐区，以同样的方式布置，并增加了教育游戏的机会：孩子可以像鸟一样爬进巢穴，或者像兔子一样爬过去。这不仅有趣，而且具有教育意义——孩子们能够通过游戏、模仿和运动来了解世界，这是最棒的方式。

The zoo is divided into several areas. During briefer outings one can simply pass by the enclosures and look at the animals. There are other programs for those who have more time — they can come right up to the animals, touch them, and look after them along with zoo associates. Next to each area is a special play area for children arranged in the same fashion and augmented with educational play opportunities: a child can crawl into a nest like a bird, or crawl through a like a rabbit. This is not just fun, but educational as well – children best come to learn about the world through play, imitation, and movement.

第一个区域是鹅、牛、鸡、山羊和其他动物生活的“农场”。

The first area is the “Farm” where geese, cows, chickens, goats, and other animals live.

▽动物们在“农场区”自由活动

农场之外是一片森林区和一条长长的鸟舍隧道——一个鸟类的围栏。在这里，体型较小的中部鸟类可以自由飞翔，而孩子们则沉浸在由交织的小树枝提供的掩体中，仿佛置身于茂密的森林中，在自然栖息地看到鸟类。

Beyond the farm is a forest zone and a long aviary tunnel – an enclosure for birds. Here smaller midland birds can fly freely about, while children, immersed in the cover provided by intertwining small branches, can feel as if they are in a dense forest, and get to see birds in their natural habitat.

▽可供鸟儿自由飞翔的鸟舍隧道

通过减轻儿童动物园附近部分的噪音，鸟舍还可以作为鹿栖息地的保护缓冲区。

By providing relief from the noise from the nearby parts of the children’s zoo, the aviary also serves as a protective buffer for the area inhabited by deer..

在鸟舍对面，沿着动物园对面的墙延伸，是饲养家禽的区域，首先是鸽舍，这也许会让一些成年人想起，在他们儿时的院子里和屋顶上，也有过这样一个鸽舍。

Across from the aviary, stretching along the opposing wall of the zoo, is an area with domestic poultry, beginning with a pigeon coop which should remind some adults of similar ones from their childhood yards and rooftops.

出口处是休息区，这里没有动物，可以小憩片刻：这里设有咖啡馆和供安静游戏的游乐区。还有一个全年开放的教育中心。

At the very exit is located an area with no animals. Here one can simply take a quick break: there is a cafe, and a play area intended for quieter games. There is also a year-round education center located here.

▽儿童游乐区

沿着这条路线有专门设计的教育看台。

Located along this route are specially designed educational stands.

在冬季，动物园的游客活动有所减少，但动物们的生活仍要继续。生活在动物园的所有物种都可以承受寒冷，因此不需要运输。新教育空间的设计完美涵盖了所有想法。中央亭被漆成黄色。用于建筑的所有其他材料都使用其自然纹理。

During the winter visitor programs at the zoo are somewhat curtailed, but that does not mean life there comes to a standstill. All species living at the zoo bear the cold, so they do not need to be transported. All the principal ideas of the new educational space are supported by design. The central pavilion is dyed yellow. All the other materials used for construction have their natural texture.

▽游览线路

▽不同教育区域

▽细节

▽效果图

Address: 1 Bol’shayaGruzinksaya Street, Moscow, Russia
Client: Moscow State Autonomous Organization “Moscow State Zoological Park”
Directors: Dmitri Likin, Oleg Shapiro
Chief Design Architect: Edward Rusenko
Lead Architects: Anastasia Izmakova, Anna Rodionova, Bella Filatova
Architects: Anastasia Rychkova, Victoria Kudryavtseva, Daria Listopad, Maria Gulida, Daria Mozhaeva, ArkadiMolodtseva, Kseniya Guznova, Marina Giulumyan, Stas Dervoyedov, Camilla Aimetdinova, Annie Tumanyan, Tatiana Skibo
Engineering Group: Dmitri Belostotski, Irina Ishunina, Alexei Pavlov
General Plan Section: Nina Smirnova, Alexandra Nikulnikova
Constructor: Sergei Belugin
Landscape Design: Arteza
Lighting Design: Trinova
Strategic Framework: KB23 (Maxim Lyubavin, Konstantin Palivoda)
Interactive tour: a joint effort led by Dmitri Knorre, Candidate of Biological Sciences assisted by students from the School of Communications, Media and Design of the Higher School of Economics Scientific Research Institute under the tutelage of Igor Gurovich
Design Stage: 2015-2016
Construction Stage: 2017-2019
Site area: 97 hectares (2.4 acres)