日本“隧道式”家庭旅馆

公司：	nendo	类型：	建筑
地区：	日本	标签：	酒店 \| 民宿客栈

项目位于长野县御代町，是一座用于储存家具产品和艺术品的设施，并附有一个旅馆空间。建筑位于一个静谧的自然环境中，溪流穿过茂密的红松林，团队通过预制建造结合预应力施工方法共同打造了这座隧道式的建筑。

A storage facility for archiving furniture, products, and artwork in Miyota-machi, Nagano Prefecture, with a guesthouse attached. Located in a quiet and nature-rich environment where streams weave through a thick forest of red pine, the tunnel-like architecture took shape through a combination of precast and prestressed construction methods.

▽视频

▽建筑坐落在自然景观中

在预制结构建造中，常见的部件会在工厂进行模制，然后在现场组装。这种方式应用于基础设施项目中的案例之一便是箱形涵洞（箱形混凝土结构），通常用于存储埋在地下的水道、通道、电线和通信线路等。然而由于该方法本身不满足项目所要求的无缝隙结构和堆叠形式，因此项目也采用了预应力，用于将部件连接在一起。

For precast construction, common parts are molded in a factory and assembled on site. An example of its applications in infrastructure projects is the box culvert (box-shaped concrete structures), used to store waterways, pathways, power lines, and communication lines buried underground. However, since the method itself does not provide a leak-free composition nor does it allow for stacking, both necessary for this architecture, prestressing was also used to connect the parts together.

▽结构示意

▽建造过程

预应力法是一种用于桥梁等土木工程结构的技术，需要将各部件对齐，然后用钢线捆紧以实现个部分的连接。这种方式可以获得无缝而光滑的表面，并具有紧实的密封性和耐用性。

The prestressing method is a technique used in civil engineering structures such as bridges, in which the parts are aligned and then tightened with wires to connect them. This results in a seamless and smooth surface finish, obtaining a tight seal, and durability.

常见的方形部件每个重约12吨，建筑总共使用了63个零件。部件的尺寸根据送货卡车的装载尺寸和起重机可以负荷的重量而定。项目的入口角落采用一般的箱形涵洞中常见的45度钢筋，作为支撑并增强抗震性。通过连接这些部件，创建了一个内部尺寸约为2 x 2.3 m的细长隧道形空间。使用十四根钢索连接每个“隧道”，并对每根钢索施加均匀的张力。随着时间的推移，钢索逐渐收紧，最终对每根钢索施加的张力将达到46吨。

The common square-shaped parts weigh approximately 12 tons each, and a total of 63 of these parts were used. The size of the parts was derived from the loading size of the delivery truck and the weight that could be lifted by a crane. The 45-degree reinforcement at the entry corner, which is also found in general box culverts, serves as a brace and enhances earthquake resistance. By connecting these parts, a slender, tunnel-shaped space with an internal dimension of approximately 2 x 2.3 m was created. Fourteen wires were used to connect each “tunnel” and care was taken to apply uniform tension to each wire at all times. The work involved gradually tightening the wires over time until a tension of 46 tons was finally applied to each.

建筑由四个堆叠的“隧道”组成，中央区域以屋顶覆盖。除了深度约为40米的狭长储藏空间外，建筑内还设有两个较小的储藏室，但预计随着藏品的增长，将来会设置更多的储藏空间。厨房、浴室、卫生间和其他用水空间集中在一楼，紧凑的卧室和书房则位于二层。

The building is composed of four stacked “tunnels” covered with a roof in the center. In addition to a long, narrow storage room with a depth of approximately 40 meters, there are two smaller storage rooms, but it is envisioned that more will be added to the site in the future as the collection grows. The kitchen, bathroom, toilet, and other water facilities are concentrated on the first floor, and a compact bedroom and a study are located on the second floor.

▽四个堆叠的“隧道”

▽入口

▽一层

▽二层

窗户尽可能避免使用金属框架，长达10米的高透明度玻璃以日式障子（一种纸糊木框窗）的方式固定在凹槽中。室外使用的砾石和植物也在室内得以延续，将室外风景引入室内。为了方便行走，砾石用树脂进行了部分硬化处理。通常只是将树脂浇注在砾石上，而项目中则是首先将树脂涂在基座上，然后将砾石铺在上面，这种方式可以避免表面太过光滑。此外，考虑到按原样安装的门把手在空间中会略显突兀，因此专门设计了一个具有原始感的门把手，隐藏在门和墙壁之间的间隙中。浴缸直接置入地板中，使水面与地面平齐，以保持隧道外观的连续感。

The windows were made without metal frames as much as possible, and high-transparency glass measuring up to 10 meters in length was fixed into the grooves in the same manner as shoji screens. The gravel and plantings used in the exterior were also arranged in the interior to draw the outside environment into the interior. To make it easier to walk on, the gravel was partially hardened with resin. Instead of just pouring resin over the gravel, which is usually the case, the resin was applied to the base first and then gravel was laid on it so that the surface wouldn’t become glossy. In addition, the door handles would have looked abrupt if installed as-is, so an original handle was designed, which hides in the small gap between the door and the wall. The bathtub is carved into the floor, such that the water surface aligns with the floor, creating the appearance that the tunnel shape is continuous.

▽大面积的通透玻璃窗