为2021切尔西花园展金牌得主“广州花园”锦上添花的镂空竹塔

这五个美妙的镂空竹塔设计由Xylotek公司设计建造，位于英国布里斯托尔，他们是世界领先的木结构专家。这些竹塔在今年9月21~26日的切尔西花园展花卉展的“广州中国”作品中大放异彩。

Five beguiling latticework bamboo towers developed and fabricated by Xylotek, the Bristol-based advanced timber structure specialists, animate the landscape of “The Guangzhou Garden: Guangzhou China” at this year’s Chelsea Flower Show (21-26 September). 

竹塔由Xylotek与行业领先的景观建筑设计事务所Grant Associates合作完成，镂空的塔楼状设计意在勾起人们对广州建筑天际线的印象。广州是位于中国珠三角的港口城市，拥有 1500 万人口，致力于以“生态文明”的理念进行环境规划。在设计中引入塔结构的想法源自 Grant Associates，他们在“广州花园”的设计中想要体现人与自然的重新连接， 以及建城市景观的迫切需求。

Designed as a collaboration with the leading landscape architecture practice Grant Associates, the filigree towers evoke the architectural skyscape of Guangzhou, the port city on China’s Pearl River Delta with a population of 15 million and a commitment to environmental planning based on the concept of ‘ecological civilisation’.   The idea for introducing towers to the scheme originates from Grant Associates whose overall approach at “The Guangzhou Garden” brings to life the idea that cities need urgent re-landscaping in ways that reconnect people and nature.

▽竹塔内部仰望天空

五座镂空竹塔以景观“花园”城市为中心，供野生动物和人类使用，高度从 1.8 米到 8.4 米不等，由毛竹薄片 (Phyllostachys edulis) 制成，这是一种快速生长、可持续采购的竹子，比普通的建筑材料更容易回收。
Punctuating the landscaped ‘garden’ city, the five filigree towers, intended for use by wildlife and humans alike and ranging in height from 1.8 to 8.4 metres, are made of laminated mōsō bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), a fast-growing, sustainably sourced bamboo that is easier to recycle than typical construction materials.

每座竹塔由垂直对齐的曲线立柱构件组成，用弯曲螺旋条的支撑网格包裹，这些需要用手使其弯曲到位并固定在立柱周围。 Xylotek 从早期设计阶段就开始研究几何和结构原理，并确定要使用的最佳材料。 MōsōNfinity - 由来自中国可持续种植园的竹胶层压条形成 - 因其在外部条件下的强度和耐用性而被选中。

Each tower consists of vertically aligned curving upright elements, wrapped with a bracing lattice of curved spiralling strips hand-bent into place and fixed around the uprights. Xylotek worked from early design stages to develop the geometric and structural principles and to determine the best material to use. MōsōNfinity - formed of glue-laminated strips of bamboo sourced from sustainable plantations in China - was chosen for its strength and durability in external conditions. 

▽拥有高强度和耐弯曲优点的毛竹薄片

每座竹塔的网格图案各不相同，以不同的比例重复出现和变化。在最大和最小的塔上，缠绕成连续的规则图案，中间的则覆盖着较短的条带，呈现出一种随性的感觉，较大的结构设有长凳和观景台，它们的入口由层压后的竹条制成，制作成哥特式拱门造型，这种形式在带有秋千的贝壳状竹塔中同样出现。
The lattice patterns wrapping around each tower vary, with features recurring at different scales. On the largest and smallest towers, the wraps spiral in continuous regular patterns, whilst the intermediate ones are covered with shorter ribbon-like strips conveying a sense of randomness, although underlying repetitive patterns can be discerned. The larger structures feature a bench and observation platform, and entranceways leading towards them are made of bamboo strips re-laminated to form Gothic arches, a form that recurs in the clamshell-like tower, which carries a swing.

Xylotek 的总体目标是创造一个轻盈的网格结构，其几何形状与其结构作用相协调，使用网格壳的原理来提供刚性、弯曲的结构。

Xylotek’s overall aim was to create lightweight lattice structures whose geometries would work in sympathy with their structural actions, using the principles of the gridshell to provide stiff, curved structures.

为此，Xylotek 进行了一系列物理测试和结构分析，以确定可行的弯曲曲率和不同横截面的层压竹条所能达到的扭曲率。车间实验、全尺寸原型和数字模拟之间的反馈使他们能够找到最佳几何形状。这些结构在 Xylotek 的布里斯托尔车间组装 - 最大的结构需要开发定制的轴向旋转组装框架，以便允许包裹元件缠绕在临时电枢上，直到达到其自身的刚度。

To this end, Xylotek carried out a series of physical tests and structural analyses to determine viable bending curvatures and the rates of twist that could be achieved by strips of the laminated bamboo at different cross-sections. Feedback between workshop-floor experiments, full-scale prototypes and digital simulation enabled them to find optimum geometries.The structures were assembled in Xylotek’s Bristol workshop - the largest structure requiring a bespoke axially rotating assembly framework to be developed in order to allow the wrapping elements to be wound onto a temporary armature until its own stiffness was achieved.

▽Xylotek的施工过程

“第一次参与Chelsea花卉展对我们来说是一次激动人心的创意挑战，我们希望提炼出广州这一拥有1500万人口的巨大而富有活力的城市的精髓，将其凝聚表达在一片20×10米的花园之中。”——Grand Associates主创设计师Peter Chmiel
"Taking part in our first RHS Chelsea Flower Show is an exciting creative challenge for us as we look to capture the essence of vast and vibrant Guangzhou, with a population of 15 million people, and distil it down into a garden plot just 20m x 10m! " 
- Peter Chmiel, Director, Grant Associates

“我们很高兴可以在过去两年中与Grant Associates合作设计并实现“广州花园”。我们非常喜欢探索竹子的技术潜能，并利用其特性创造出富有诗意的新形式。” ——Martin Self, Xylotek
“We were thrilled to work over the past two years with Grant Associates on the design and realisation of the Guangzhou Garden. We particularly enjoyed exploring bamboo’s technical potential and harnessing its capacity to create poetic new forms.”
- Martin Self, Xylotek

▽结构细节

该花园由中国文化项目咨询公司 Creativersal 委托设计。其主要赞助方为广州市林业和园林局。

The garden has been designed on behalf of the China-based culture project consultancy Creativersal. Its main sponsor is the Administration of Forestry and Gardening of Guangzhou Municipality. 

▽不同尺寸的镂空竹塔编织图案也不尽相同

Garden design – Grant Associates
Timber structure – Xylotek
Living walls - Biotecture 
Water features – Bamber Wallis
Main contractor - The Outdoor Room