“穹窿之花”：临夏大剧院

公司：	杜兹设计	类型：	建筑
地区：	中国	标签：	宗教空间

临夏大剧院坐落于甘肃省临夏市规划新城的核心区域，用地面积52,300平方米，地上建筑面积 15,000 平方米，建筑总高度约 46 米。

Linxia Grand Theater is located in the core area of planned new town in Linxia City, Gansu Province. It covers an area of 52,300 square meters and has a ground floor area of 15,000 square meters and a total building height of 46 meters.

在建筑造型设计上，采用识别力强的简洁几何球体，配以经典的比例形态及图案纹理，但要把这样精致且具象的造型放大成一个直径90米、总高46米的公共建筑，无疑给设计师带来了巨大的挑战。如何体现图案纹理和形态比例又要避免具象是设计师面对的第一大难题。在这个传统的躯壳里融入现代的设计手法，给当地人民留下一个既有特色又现代的建筑作品变成了设计师的设计宗旨。

In the architectural design, simple geometric sphere with unique recognition is adopted, together with the classic proportion of patterns and texture. However, it is undoubtedly necessary to enlarge such a refined and figurative shape into a public building of 90 meters in diameter and 46 meters in height, which has brought huge challenges to the designer. How to reflect the pattern texture and form proportion but also to avoid concretization is the first biggest challenge faced by the designer.

Integrate modern design techniques into this traditional body, and leave a contemporary architecture with strong ethnic characteristics to the local people has become the designer's design purposes.

再三考虑之下，设计师放弃了传统的用金属幕墙来实现穹顶的几何纹理图案这一“简单”且昂贵的解决方案。经过和结构工程师探讨和努力，采用了与国家奥体中心“鸟巢”的结构形式相类似的结构，即以箱型截面钢梁相互焊接来“编织”出穹顶“纹理”的整体空间结构，壳体结构、幕墙结构及幕墙纹理三合为一，为业主节省了大量的建设成本。最终，内外通透并富有力量感的壳体让整个建筑外立面的虚实变化成为可能，从建筑底部的“不透”逐渐过渡到顶部的“全透”，配上“雪山白”的选色，将原本具象的穹顶造型抽象化。这样既达到了建筑的整体效果更呈现出重型钢结构的雄浑魅力与不朽气息，建筑和结构浑然一体，独特、美观且具有很强的视觉冲击力，充分体现了自然和谐之美。

After thinking over and over again, the designers abandoned the "simple" and expensive solution of the traditional metal curtain wall to realize the geometric texture of the dome. Through continuous efforts, The cross-section steel beams are welded to each other to "weave" the overall spatial structure of the dome "texture," similar to the "Bird's Nest" structure of the National Olympic Sports Center. Shell structure, curtain wall structure and curtain wall texture are combined into one, saving a lot of cost. As a result, the powerful permeability shell inside and outside the entire facade makes it possible to change the building from the "impervious" to the top of the "all through", plus the facade "snow white" color selection, the dome shape of the original statue becomes abstraction. This will not only achieve the overall effect of the building, but also display the magnificent charm and immortality of the heavy steel structure. The building and the structure are seamless, unique and beautiful with strong visual impact and fully reflect the beauty of natural harmony.

大剧院总高度约 46 米，为保持穹顶高度的同时充分利用空间，将大剧院内部主体向上抬高一层。下部用来设置贵宾厅和大面积装卸场地以满足功能需求。剧场设计容纳 1052 位观众，包括102 个乐池的可活动座椅。观众厅分为池座和楼座两部分，池座可容纳 860 位观众，楼座可容纳 192 位观众。舞台是整个剧场的核心，采用国际上通行的“品”字形布局并拥有一个由两部分组成面积为120平方米的乐池，可容纳100人的交响乐队。中心演出区域的舞台则拥有侧车台、15米见方的大型车台、冰车台、芭蕾舞台、直径为14米的行走式转台、五块双层电动升降舞台等功能。这些功能舞台通过电脑控制可以升降、旋转和移动，能够完成复杂的剧幕场景变换，充分满足了音乐剧、歌剧、芭蕾、戏剧和综合文艺演出的不同需求。

Grand Theater has the total height of about 46 meters, in order to maintain the dome height while making full use of space, the Grand Theater main body is one floor level up. The lower part is used to set up VIP lounges and large area loading and unloading venues to meet the functional needs. The theater is designed to accommodate 1,052 spectators, including 102 active seats in the pool. Auditorium is divided into the pool seat and the floor seat, pool seat can accommodate 860 people, and the floor seat can accommodate 192 spectators to watch the show. Stage is the core of the entire theater, using internationally accepted a Chinese Character as "品" shaped stage. And has a two-part area of 120 square meters of music pool, can accommodate symphony orchestra with 100 people. Center performance area stage has a car side, 15 meters square large stage platform, ballet stage, walking turntable with diameter of 14 meters, five double electric lift stage and other functions. These functional stages can be controlled by the computer, to be raised, rotated and moved to complete the complex screen scene transformation, and fully meet the different needs of musicals, operas, ballet, drama and theatrical performances.

在视线设计上，楼座最远26米，小于33米，向下倾角20度；池座高点俯角小于35度；放映视角控制，池座、楼座看舞台夹角控制；舞台中心看观众席夹角大于80度，第一道面光桥光射台面夹角50度等各个方面进行控制。在声学设计上，加装了双层隔墙和隔音垫进行声学隔离，并且空调通风系统均采用静音操作设计，从而使剧场内的噪音控制PNC值（理想噪音水平）达到15或更低。舞台功能的设计是将两种完全不同的功能空间结合为一体——一个音乐厅和一个有舞台台口的剧场。为此专门采用了特殊的管弦乐围板，举行管弦乐演出时可以很方便地将它移出到适当位置，将舞台部分分割，从而将两个空间转换成了一个空间。同时，升降乐池到舞台的同一平面，在台前形成一个平台供乐队演奏。

In terms of vision design, the farthest place of the floor seat is 26 meters less than 33 meters, with downward tilt angle of 20 degrees, the pool seat depression point is less than 35 degrees, display angle is controllable, pool seat, floor seat subject to the stage angle control, view the auditorium from the stage center, the angle is greater than 80 degrees, the first surface light bridge angle between the table is subject to 50 degrees light control. In acoustical design, the design of double walls, acoustic mats meet acoustic isolation. Air conditioning and ventilation systems are designed with mute operation. This results in a PNC value (ideal noise level) of noise control of this scheme reaches 15 or lower. The design is a combination of two completely different building types - a concert hall and a theater with a stage. The design uses a special orchestra enclosure. When performing an orchestral show, it's easy to move it out of place to split the stage part, translating the two spaces into one space. At the same time, lift the pool to the same level of the stage, forming a platform at the stage for the band to play.