波兰·Mława住宅

项目的地块平坦，靠近Mława小镇的中心，是一个已建立的独栋住宅区。虽然它是该地区最大的地块之一，但不超过1000平方米。由于这个原因，周围的大多数房子都有两层。然而，出于预算和施工方便的原因，业主们想要一栋一层楼的房子，同时避免他们的小孩爬上爬下楼梯。另一个制约因素是当地的建筑主要是使用砖和混凝土。

The plot, flat, is located close to the center of the small town of Mława in an established area of single-family houses. Although it is one of the largest plots of land in the area it does not exceed 1,000m2. For this reason most of the surrounding houses have two floors. However, the owners wanted a one-story house for budget and ease of construction reasons as well as to avoid their small children climbing up and down the stairs. Another constraint would be the use of local construction techniques, mainly brick and concrete.

项目住宅入口位于建筑西侧，以尽可能多地腾出东侧现有的花园，花园面积相对较小但相对完整。建筑和土地周边之间的空余空间宽度为4米，这是由后退规定定义的，这意味着，除了一个花园，还有一条绿色走廊。

The dwelling is located to the west near the entrance to free up as much of the existing garden to the east as possible, which remains intact and relatively square in size. The rest of the space between the house and the perimeter of the land has a width of 4m defined by the setback regulation, which means that more than a garden, the result is an unfortunate a priori green corridor.

为了解决这一问题，该地块的外围砖墙（根据规范其高度最多只能达到2.2米）转向土地内部，将绿色的长走廊分成一系列小花园天井。此外，这些房屋的外立面墙体用砖砌成，甚至渗透到房屋内部，变成热粘土承重墙。后者将支撑混凝土外壳，使房屋高度达到3.3米。

In order to solve that problem, the perimeter brick walls of the plot, which by law can only reach a height of 2.2 m, turn towards the interior of the land to divide the green long corridors into a succession of small garden-patios. In addition, these walls wrap the facade of the house in brick and even penetrate towards the interior of the house turning into thermo-clay load-bearing walls. The latter will support the concrete shell that takes the height of the house up to 3.3m.

这套内墙和外墙在内部空间和花园天井之间建立了直接关系，通过互补的用途相互利用。因此，厨房有烧烤的露台，孩子们的卧室则由室外玩耍的露台延伸，等等。

This set of interior and exterior walls establishes a direct relationship between the interior spaces and the garden-patios, using each other through complementary uses. So i.e. the kitchen has a terrace for barbecues, the children’s bedroom is extended by a terrace for outside playing, etc.

在建筑内部和外部的共生关系中，值得强调的是位于南立面东西两端的两座塔楼。他们给房子创造了一种大的规模，并从更大的外部空间过渡到内部空间。它们高5.5米，并有镂空的空间可以透光。随着时间的推移，这些空间将被覆盖，以成为冬季花园和夏季露台，同时充当热缓冲区。这意味着它们将在进入室内之前对空气进行预气候化，从而实现更低的能源消耗。它实现了双重被动通风;冬天使用自然预热空气，夏天使用冷却空气。

Within this symbiotic relationship between interior and exterior, it is worth highlighting two towers that are located to both east and west ends of the south façade. They give an urban scale to the house and make the transition from the bigger outside space to the inner rooms. They are 5.5 m high and have large holes to collect light. In time these spaces are meant to be glazed in order to become winter gardens and summer terraces while acting as thermal buffers. This means they will pre-climatize the clean air before entering the interior and achieve a lower energy consumption. It enables a double passive ventilation; in winter with naturally preheated air and in summer with cooled air.

室内布局由9米的最大可用宽度决定，南北两侧都有大型立面。卧室位于北部对于光线的需求较小。同时，公共区域位于朝南最明亮的部分。在这两个区域之间，一条走廊连通了所有空间，但作为公共区域的一部分消失了。由于这种南北向布局，在阳光控制困难的东西立面没有窗户。

The interior layout is determined by the maximum available width of 9m with large facades available both to north and south. The bedrooms that require less light are located in the northern part. Meanwhile, the common areas are in the most luminous part facing south. In between both areas a false corridor communicates all the spaces but disappears as such integrating common areas. Thanks to this north-south layout no windows were placed in east and west facades where sun control is difficult.

▽位置平面图，site plan。

▽平面图，plan。

▽创意草图，idea schetch。

Project name: Mława House

Company name: James and Mau Arquitectura

Website: https://jamesandmau.com/

Contact e-mail: info@jamesandmau.com

Project location: Mława, Poland

Completion Year: 2021

Building area (m²): 289

Photo credits: Jakub Certowicz

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