“多世代”社会住房公寓

公司：	Major Architekci	类型：	建筑
地区：	波兰	标签：	公寓

Multigenerational（多世代的）是位于波兰弗罗茨瓦夫的一所社会住房项目，建筑设计结合了三代人的三种功能：为老年人和残疾人提供护理服务的公寓，专门为年轻人和家庭提供的出租公寓，以及位于底层的幼儿园。建筑容纳了117套公寓，每套的规模面积从38qm到79qm不等，有不同的类型。

Multigenerational house is a social housing located in Wrocław, Poland. The building design combines three functions for three generations: flats with a care service for the elderly and the people with disabilities, flats for rent dedicated for the young and families, and a nursery school on the ground floor. House generates 117 apartments, sized from 38qm up to 79qm, with different typologies.

项目是当地建筑师共同尝试应对日益严重的住房问题和糟糕的空间质量而打造的建筑，因此该建筑是Nowe Żerniki示范住宅区的一部分。建设的第一阶段提供了一个完整的社会服务和公共空间，由可持续的技术基础设施驱动。最近，Nowe Zerniki住宅区被提名为2022年欧盟当代建筑奖——密斯凡德罗奖。

The building is part of the model housing estate Nowe Żerniki. Local architects colectively tried to respond to the growing housing problems and poor spatial quality. Build stage I of the estate offers a complete range of social services and public spaces powered by sustainable technical infrastructure. Recently, Nowe Zerniki has been nominated for the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture – Mies van der Rohe Award for 2022.

项目最初假设之一，是创造一个有利于所有居民和住户融洽相处的社会公共设施。经过对各个年龄段不同生活方式的研究，设计团队发现不同世代的人们需求并不是相互排斥的，正好相反，设计团队认为应该尽一切努力创造多代人一起生活的空间，这在许多方面都是有益的，这不仅教给人们相互尊重，提高老年人的积极性，而且由于邻居的不断出现，能为居民提供非常大的安全感，使儿童和成年人都能了解与老年人和残疾人的日常生活。

One of the initial assumptions of the project was to create a facility conducive to the integration of all its residents and users. As a result of the discussion on the different lifestyles of individual age groups, it was decided that their needs are not only mutually exclusive. On the contrary, all efforts should be made to create multi-generational structures. Their coexistence in one building is a beneficial activity in many ways - it teaches mutual respect and prevents the feeling of exclusion, supports the activation of seniors, gives residents a sense of security thanks to the constant presence of neighbours, makes children and grown-ups accustomed to everyday functioning with the elderly and the people with disabilities.

项目类似于一个合院，四层楼高的建筑内部设计了一个宽敞的绿色庭院，绿色庭院椭圆形的形状源于创造一个没有障碍和视觉分割的友好空间的愿望，这种形式使其更容易建立邻里关系。通过将建筑内的交流空间与居民有吸引力的公共区域连接起来，从而实现功能上的多样性，内院不是一个内敛的空间，底层区域的穿孔提供了与建筑周围环境的视觉接触。庭院的主入口被设计成一个斜切面，在视觉上与附近的公园和当地文化中心联系在一起，在这个区域还种植了树木和草地，椭圆形的院子方案包括靠近老年人俱乐部房间的老年人休闲区、室外健身区、公共操场和幼儿园的私人操场以及一个休憩场所。

Multigenerational house was designed as a quarter. A spacious and green courtyard has been designed inside of the four-storey building. Its oval shape resulted from the desire to create a friendly space without barriers and visual divisions. This form makes it easier to establish neighbourly relations. It also allowed for a functional solution of the communication spaces in the building by linking them with attractive common areas for residents. The inner courtyard is not an introverted space. The perforations in the ground floor zone provide visual contact with the building's surroundings, and the main entrance to the courtyard, designed as an oblique cut, is visually linked with the nearby park and local cultural centre. Trees and grass were also planted in this area. The oval yard programme consist of a recreation area for the elderly near to the seniors' club room, an outdoor gym zone, public playground and private one for nursery school and a places to sit.

在内部结构上也保持了外部形式的统一性，在功能上分为两个独立的部分：一个是老年人的养老院，另一个专为出租的公寓，两个功能拥有各自独立的入口，楼梯和通过平行于建筑周边的走廊进行交流，得益于此，建筑的划分是平滑而灵活的，它可以根据特定类型的公寓的需求来改变。此外，它也是连接几代人的理念的一个示范，通过让老人和年轻人共同生活在一个空间里，我们可以为他们提供因家庭的亲密而产生的心理舒适感，同时给予他们适合其年龄和需求的独立感和设施。

The homogeneous character of the object resulting from its external form was also maintained in its internal structure. It is functionally divided into two independent parts – one for seniors and second with apartments for rent. They have independent entrances, staircases and communication through a corridor running parallel to the perimeter of the building. Thanks to that, the division of the building is smooth and flexible. It is possible to change it depending on the demand for a specific type of apartments. In addition, it is an example of the idea ofconnecting generations - by enabling the elderly and young people to live together in one space, we can provide them with psychological comfort resulting from the closeness of the family, while giving them a sense of independence and amenities appropriate to their age and needs.