Macura 博物馆

公司：	Milan Mijalkovic	类型：	建筑
地区：	塞尔维亚	标签：	文化空间

当多瑙河蜿蜒流过巴诺维奇老城时，在贝尔格莱德以北仅25公里处坐落着Magacin Macura - Zenit 4号，一个由旧谷仓改造而成的艺术空间。它补充了诺维巴诺维奇下游几公里处的马库拉博物馆。该博物馆于2008年开放，是东欧最大的现代和当代艺术私人收藏之一，也是塞尔维亚的第一个私人博物馆。弗拉基米尔·马库拉的作品集包括20世纪早期一些最优秀的运动实例，如顶峰主义、达达主义、超现实主义、维也纳动作主义等等。

As the Danube meanders through the old town of Banovci, just 25km north of Belgrade lies the Magacin Macura - Zenit 4, an old barn transformed into a space for art. It complements the Museum Macura just a few kilometres downstream in Novi Banovci. Opened in 2008, the museum was built to house one of the largest private collections of modern and contemporary art in Eastern Europe and it is the first private museum in Serbia. The collection of Vladimir Macura includes some of the finest examples of early 20th century movements such as Zenithism, Dada, Surrealism, Viennese Actionism and more.

▽项目鸟瞰 Aerial

项目Magacin Macura的选址相当重要，因为它位于一个古老的村庄，远离主要城市。表演艺术、音乐会、戏剧和电影放映经常把这个偏远的地方变成一个聚会和体验的地方。

The siting of the Magacin Macura is quite significant, being in an old village, away from the major cities. Performing arts, concerts, theatre plays and film screenings frequently turn the remote location into a place of gathering and experience.

▽项目外观 Exterior

这个旧谷仓最初是用来储存谷物的，然后是面粉，最近是用来储存面包的。它由一个漂亮而简单的用螺栓连接的木制结构、一个可见的屋顶桁架、裸露的木地板和砖墙组成。当维也纳建筑师和艺术家米兰·米贾尔科维奇(Milan Mijalkovic)被要求对该建筑进行大规模扩建时，应尽可能保留材料和特殊品质。

The old barn was used for storing grain originally, then flour and more recently bread. It consists of a beautifully simple wooden structure with bolted joints, a visible roof truss, bare wooden floors and brick walls. As much as possible of the material and special qualities should be kept when the Viennese based architect and artist Milan Mijalkovic was asked to plan a significant expansion of the building.

▽保留了木结构的室内空间 The interior space of the roof trusses

由于预算只有3万欧元，相当于100欧元/平方米，即使按照塞尔维亚的标准也是很低的，米亚尔科维奇选择了简单的低成本技术，使用钢架来建造扩建部分，并在墙体上使用隔热金属包层。门窗，甚至木地板，都是从当地垃圾处理场回收的材料。

With a budget of only €30,000, equating to €100/m²—low even by Serbian standards—Mijalkovic opted for simple low-cost techniques using a steel frame to build the extension and insulated metal cladding for the walls. The doors, windows, and even the wooden flooring, were all reused materials, salvaged from the local waste disposal site.

▽使用回收材料打造的低成本空间 Low cost space made of recycled materials

▽使用钢架结构的扩建部分也大量使用了回收材料 Extension with metal cladding also use a lot of recycled materials

新的项目沿着街道放置了一个大的矩形体块，与现有建筑垂直，并向上提升到屋檐线。粉红色的立面强调了这个村庄的新存在。两个黑色的盒子，容纳了商店和存储空间，形成了体量的基础。在盒子和旧建筑之间，创建了两个有顶的门道。在这里，彩色玻璃门将彩色光线投射到谷仓现有的砖墙上，那里剥落的油漆和松散的渲染与延伸部分整洁的灰泥墙形成鲜明对比。

For the new Magacin, a large rectangular volume was placed along the street, perpendicular to the existing building and lifted up to the eaves line. The pink façade underlines this new presence in the village. Two black boxes, housing a shop and storage spaces, are forming the base of the volume. Between the boxes and the old building, two covered doorways are created. Here, stained glass doors are casting coloured light onto the existing brick walls of the barn, where the flaking paintwork and loose render is in stark contrast to the neatly plastered walls of the extension.

▽粉红色的立面给街道带来了活力 The pink facade brings dynamic to the street

▽彩色玻璃与老旧的砖墙形成对比 The stained glass contrasts with the old brick walls

穿过左边的门洞，即入口大厅，有一条绿树成荫的小路，一直蜿蜒到多瑙河畔。在这里，你可以坐下来，一边喝着自制的薰衣草汁，一边用复古的瓶子和玻璃杯盛着，一边和收藏家本人聊天。从这个花园进入原来谷仓的长形展览空间。

Passing through the left doorway, the entrance lobby, there is a tree-lined path, which winds its way down to the banks of the Danube. Here you can sit and drink homemade lavender juice, served in vintage bottles and glasses as you chat with the collector himself. From this garden you enter the long exhibition space of the original barn.

▽行走在绿树成荫的小路 Take a walk on a tree-lined path

在空间的前端，有一个楼梯通向上层的垂直体量。在这里，同样在一个大的开放空间里，工作区、卧室和浴室都是作为展览的一部分出现的。在这个空间里，驻场艺术家可以停留，阅读、表演等活动也可以在这里进行。

At the front end of the space, a staircase leads to perpendicular volume of the upper floor. Here, again in a large open space, working areas, a bedroom and bathroom are situated, all appearing as part of the exhibition. In this space, resident artists can stay, and readings, performances etc. can take place.

▽钢制结构下的开放通透的空间 Open and transparent space under steel structure

在原建筑的另一边，第二道门通向一个院子，院子周围几十年来似乎没有什么变化，而且总体上是这样的。这种低成本的发展和它的重复使用的材料提供了如此多的少，因为它保留了已经存在的东西。

On the other side of the original building the second doorway is leading to a courtyard that looks as though nothing around it has changed in decades, and by and large, that is true. This low-cost development with its reused materials has provided so much for so little by keeping what was there already.