邛海17度·星月湖公园

公司：	道远设计	类型：	景观
地区：	中国	标签：	公共设施 \| 万科地产

设计概要

我们希望通过设计将6.1万平的建筑废渣堆积地转化为一个生态保护湖滨公园，修复城市所带来的的生态破坏，重塑土地并恢复湿地生态平衡，创造出多元共生，生态和谐的湿地空间。

We hope to transform the accumulation of 61,000 square meters of construction waste residue into an ecological protection lakeside park, repair the ecological damage which was brought by cities, reshape the land and restore the wetland ecological balance, and create a muti-symbiotic, ecologically harmonious wetland space.

项目概述

该项目位于西昌市老城区，邛海以北，于2019年底为市民开放。设计师将6.1万平的建筑废渣堆积地转化为一个生态保护湖滨公园。本次设计的主要目的是修复城市发展所带来的生态破坏，重塑土地并恢复湿地生态平衡。与此同时创造公共利益，达到生态效益和社会效益上的可持续性。我们在策略上欲将场地恢复湿地生态系统，在自然与水体之间建立联系，创造出人与自然共生的韧性设计。以“让荒地重复生机”为设计概念，对生态修复提出三个策略，包括水系规划、水生态系统的构建，重整土地林地恢复。

The project is located in the old town of Xichang City, north of Qionghai, and has opened to the public at the end of 2019. Designer converted the 61,000㎡ of construction waste accumulation into an ecologically protected lakeside park. The main purpose of the design is to repair the ecological damage caused by city development, reshape the land and restore the ecological balance of the wetland. At the same time, the project creates public interest and achieve sustainability in ecological and social benefits. We intend to restore the site to a wetland ecosystem in strategy, establish a connection between nature and water bodies, result in created a resilient design that human coexists with nature. Based on design concept “recovery the wasteland’s vaitality”, three strategies for ecological restoration are proposed, including water system planning, water ecosystem construction, land restoration and forest restoration.

项目描述

▼区位分析图

基地位于西昌老城区东南方向，邛海以北，紧邻邛海旅游度假区，周边景区众多，环境优美，景观资源丰富，配套完善。项目辐射3公里内规划大量居住社区，市民出行便利，可快速到达项目基地，本项目可作为市民聚集的主要场所。

The base is located southeast of old town in Xichang City, north of Qionghai and next to Qionghai tourist resort. There are many scenic spots, beautiful environment, rich landscape resources and complete supporting facilities surrounding the base. A large number of residential communities are planned within 3 kilometers of the project. As a result, citizens are convenient to travel and can quickly arrive at the project base. This project can be used as the main place for citizens to gather.

▼公园平面图

本设计重建了该地区原有的林地及水边湿地，同时引入了一个富有弹性的多层次娱乐和生态基地，将市民引向公园，将公园引向水边。

This design aims to reconstruct the woodland and waterside wetlands in the original area, in the meantime introduces a flexible multi-level entertainment and ecological base to lead citizens to the park and leaf the park to the water front.

▼场地恢复的挑战及目标

长期的城市建设使场地水体污染严重，曾经充满生机的湿地景观由于城市建设中不合理规划与人为的破坏，现已是一片荒地。建筑废渣的堆积使驳岸被破坏，严重影响了该区域的生态多样性。通过对该场地的宏观和微观的深入分析，发现场地主要有三个较为严重的问题。

1）植物遭到破坏后造成的水土流失，湿地范围正在逐渐缩小。

2）场地遗留的建筑半成品和建筑废渣对场地的生态恢复带来巨大的阻碍。

3）场地生物多样性遭到破坏，且遭到外来物种入侵。

无论从生态自然的角度还是公共社会角度看场地已经成为了一块难以掩盖的伤疤，如不对其做出相应对策，将带来更加严重的后果。场地周边现已规划大量市民居住区，更多的人类活动介入也对项目的生态恢复带来了真正的挑战。

基于对场地现状的分析，以及项目区位的特殊性，景观风貌和树种选择上应当与邛海风景区风貌相一致，其次减轻污染输入，实现污染零排放，使其成为城区与风景区的第一道湿地保护屏障，为邛海提供优质水源。我们对湖水进行策略性地疏浚和地形处理，营造多样的微环境，进而促进湿地生态系统多样性。按照海绵城市的要求对雨水进行回收利用，对重点区域驳岸类型提出引导，在不同类型湿地及春池等多种场所类型中，保证丰富多样的植物群落。

The long-term urban construction has caused serious water pollution. The once-wetland landscape turn into a wasteland due to irrational planning and man-made destruction during urban construction. The diversity of ecological in the region was severely affected because of the damage of bank caused by the accumulation of construction waste. There are there major problems on the site through in-depth macro and micro analysis.

1）Wetlands are gradually shrinking because of soil and water loss caused by plant damage.

2）The semi-finished building products and construction waste left over from the site have brought huge obstacles to the ecological restoration.

3）The site’s biodiversity was damaged and invaded by external species.

The site has become a scar that is difficult to hide from the perspective of ecological nature and public society. It will bring more serious consequences if we do not take corresponding measures. A large number of residential areas have been planned around the site, and the ecological restoration of the project will be faced more challenges with more human activities in the base.

Based on the analysis of the status of the site and the particularity of the project location, the landscape features and tree species selection should be consistent with the features of the Qionghai. Secondly, the site will become the first wetland protection barrier in urban areas and scenic areas, and providing high-quality water for Qinghai by reducing pollution input and achieve zero discharge of pollution. We carry out dredging and terrain treatment of lake to create a variety of micro-environments, thereby promoting the diversity of wetland ecosystems. The rainwater is recycled according to the requirements of the sponge city and the types of banks in key areas are guided. Different types of wetlands, spring ponds, which guarantees rich and diverse plant communities.

▼湿地水生态系统设计

1）所选用的水生植被、水生动物等都将经过前期区域环境调查，选用本土动植物品类，防止外来入侵种的进入对邛海及邛海湿地造成生态环境的不安全因素。

2）尽可能丰富物种的多样性，如沉水植被将选择本土生长良好的诸多品种，片植或行成群落种植的方式，丰富水下植被层次，与水生动物行成稳定多样的水下生态系统环境。

3）对整体水环境景观性进行考虑，行成水下森林、水下草原并且清澈见底的美好水景，从而提升项目整体观赏性。

4）The selected aquatic and animals will be subject to preliminary regional environmental surveys. Native animal and plant species will be selected to prevent the entry of invasive outside species into the ecological environment and unsafe factors in Qionghai and its Wetland.

5）Enriching species diversity as much as possible like submerged vegetation will choose many good indigenous varieties. Enriching underwater vegetation layers by adapting to various way of planting such as patch planting and row planting, etc. so that make stable and diverse underwater ecosystem environment with aquatic animals.

6）Improving the overall ornamentality by beautiful underwater scenery with underwater forests, underwater grasslands and clear bottoms from the view of the overall water environment landscape

滨湖公园整体延湖边布置，为市民提供水边散步，儿童亲子，休闲娱乐的场所享受惬意的时光。公园内活动场地及道路与水体之间用湿地进行过度，采用一种生态的方式来保护水体免受影响，同时为提升湖区环境提供了一种新模式，有效地保护了将近6.1万平的新建湿地。

Binhu Park is arranged along the lake, providing citizens with waterside walks, children's parent-child, and recreational places to enjoy a pleasant time. The activity area, road and water bodies adapt to wetland as a way of transition so as to protect water bodies by a method of ecology. At the same time, it provides a new model for improving the lake area environment and effectively protects nearly 61,000 new wetlands .

公园内按照海绵城市的要求结合儿童戏水区、雨水花园等活动区对雨水进行回收利用，为市民创造丰富多样的亲水体验的同时充分体现人与自然共生的场所体验。

The recycle of rain water is in combination with children's water play areas, rainwater gardens according to the requirements of the sponge city, which creating a rich and diversified hydrophilic experience for the citizens and embodying the symbiosis of human and nature.

此外，设计还充分利用了场地本身的地形特点，创造了许多吸引人的空间景象：在微风徐徐的傍晚，月升湖面镜波开，在湖中洒下微微星光，一个引人注目的悬臂瞭望台“漂浮”在湖面之上。

In addition, the design makes full use of the topographical characteristics of the site itself, creating many attractive space scenes: In the breeze of the evening, the moon rises on the lake, and a slight starlight sprinkles in the lake. A striking cantilever lookout “floats” above the lake.

▼增加了水生植物，柔化了原有的硬质岸线，同时增加了户外吧台、景观廊架等服务性建筑

Added aquatic plants to soften the original hard shoreline. At the same time, service buildings such as outdoor bar counters and landscape racks were added.

生物多样性既是前期的引导，也是项目成效的检测，提出生物多样性的保护和管理措施，为项目发挥长久有效的生态效益打下基础。在步道与湿地之间有一些列的休闲空间，人们在这里自然接触，享受生活。

Biodiversity is both a preliminary guide and a measure of project effectiveness. Put forward biodiversity protection and management measures to lay the foundation for long-term and effective ecological benefits of the project. There are a series of leisure spaces between the trail and the wetland, where people touch nature and enjoy life.

▼雨水收集池结合露营场地、户外咖啡吧等服务性建筑，促进人与自然共生。

The rainwater collection pool combines service buildings like camping grounds and outdoor cafes to promote the symbiosis of human and nature.

利用自然形成或人工挖掘的浅凹绿地，汇聚并吸收来自屋顶或地面的雨水，通过植物、沙土的渗透过滤综合作用使雨水得以净化，并使之逐渐渗入土壤，涵养地下水或补给景观用水。

Utilizing shallow concave naturally formed or artificially excavated green land to gather and absorb rainwater from the roof or the ground. Purifying the rainwater through the infiltration and filtration of plants and sand, and gradually infiltrate the soil to conserve groundwater or supply landscape water.

一个受当地市民喜爱的儿童活动场地。通过前期一系列的调研活动，西昌市民表达了对儿童活动的期冀。项目以修复场地为基础，也规划了更多公众参与的空间。我们希望缔造出多元共生，生态和谐的湿地空间。

A children’s playground which is popular with local citizens. Citizens in Xichang expressed their hopes for children’s activities through a series of previous surveys. The project is based on rehabilitating the site, and more space for public participation is planned. We hope to create a diverse and symbiotic, ecologically harmonious wetland space.

结束语：

未来，星月湖不仅只是蕴藏着沉入湖底的神秘宝藏，这条生态基础设施的“韧性”将成为揭示邛海未来的瑰宝。以“自然化、去人工化”的设计手法，搭建“清水型生态系统”架构，利用其中的水生动植物净化体系，建立健康完整的湖泊水生态系统，可以提高水体自净能力，充分削减外源输入的地表径流污染，以保证整体景观的长效稳定。

Xingyue Lake will not only contain the mysterious treasure in the bottom of the lake, but the “resilience” of this ecological infrastructure will become a treasure revealing the future of Qionghai. With the design method of “naturalization and de-artificialization”, the “clear water ecosystem” structure is established. The use of the aquatic plant purification system to establish a healthy and complete lake water ecosystem could improve the self-purification ability of the water body and fully reduce surface runoff pollution from external sources which ensures the long-term stability of the overall landscape.

设计亮点：

以食物链金字塔为导向，构筑引入目标生物所需基本生境，实现生物多样性。设计在原有沿岸植物生境的基底上增加水生生境板块，形成丰富的生物多样性。分阶段构建食物链各级元素，逐步丰富湖泊内水生生物群落，构建完善的食物链系统，保持生态系统完整性，又丰富生物多样性。

The achievement of biodiversity is guided by the food chain pyramid and built the basic habitat needed to introduce target organisms. It is designed to increase the aquatic habitat section on the base of the original coastal plant habitat so that form a rich biodiversity. Constructing elements of the food chain at various levels and enriching gradually the aquatic biological communities in the lake build a complete food chain system, are not only maintain the integrity of the ecosystem but also enrich biodiversity.