ReYard 小屋

ReYard House是由Bosphorus团队为国际大学生可持续节能建筑竞赛 "太阳能十项全能 "非洲版设计和建造的。Bosphorus团队是第一个参加太阳能十项全能竞赛的土耳其团队，包括来自土耳其伊斯坦布尔两所著名大学的学生和教授：伊斯坦布尔技术大学和Yildiz技术大学。该团队在创新、工程和建筑、交流和社会意识3个类别的比赛中获奖。

The ReYard House has been designed and built by Team Bosphorus for the Africa edition of an international collegiate sustainable and energy efficient building competition ‘Solar Decathlon’. Team Bosphorus is-the first Turkish team competed in Solar Decathlon-including students and professors from two well-known universities of İstanbul/Turkey; İstanbul Technical University and Yildiz Technical University. The team has been awarded in 3 categories in the competition; Innovation, Engineering and Construction, Communication and Social Awareness.

该团队获得了 "创新 "组的第一名，因为他们将当地材料与当今技术相结合，并在建筑项目中使用微藻技术，从而实现了可重复使用和模块化（易于建造）。此外，它的土壤板也在 "建筑和工程 "类别中排名第一，因为它的土壤板可以很容易地用木质模块化结构和节能/可持续工程系统来建造。除了在长达1年半的筹备过程中，在网络和社交媒体渠道上的书面和视觉出版物，他们在比赛过程中的演讲和接待，甚至通过游戏化的方式向参观者和其他团队成员传递知识，博斯普鲁斯团队获得了 "沟通和社会意识 "奖。

The team won the first place in the “Innovation” category because of being reusable and modular (easy to build) by combining local materials with today's technology and using microalgae technology in an architectural project. It is also in the first place in the “Construction and Engineering” category with its soil panels which can be easily constructed with wooden modular structure and energy efficient / sustainable engineering systems. As well as through the written and visual publications on online and social media channels during the preparatory process that spanned 1.5 years, their presentations and hospitality in the competition process and even the methods of transferring knowledge to the visitors and other teams’ members through gamification, Team Bosphorus gained the “Communication and Social Awareness” award.

Riad是摩洛哥传统土楼的名字，它重现了土耳其传统房屋的生活，有院子和开放式走廊。ReYard作为我们房子的名字，由两个音节 "re "和 "yard "组成。第一个音节 "re "的意思是 "再次 "和 "回收"，第二个音节 "yard "指的是 "庭院 "和Riad。ReYard House的设计灵感来自于土耳其和摩洛哥的传统建筑风格，体现了现代5口人摩洛哥家庭的 "生活艺术"。对于这两种文化来说，私密性是最重要的，这也决定了房屋的建筑风格。家庭通常在院子里度过，院子被认为是一个生活单元的组成部分。这就是为什么院子的舒适条件很重要的原因。

Riad is the name typology of traditional soil based Moroccan house which re-minds the life of Traditional Turkish houses with yards and open corridors. ReYard as a name of our house consists of two syllables "re" and "yard". First syllable "re" means "again" and "recycle", second syllable "yard" refers to "courtyard" and Riad. The design of the ReYard House is inspired by both traditional Turkish and Moroccan architectural styles and reflects the "art de vivre" of a modern 5-members Moroccan family. For both cultures privacy has an utmost importance which shaped the architecture of the houses. Families generally spend their times in the yards, which are considered as integral parts of a living unit. This is the reason why comfort conditions of the yard is important.

ReYard House庭院设计为舒适、阴凉、舒适潮湿的空间，以适应炎热干燥的沙漠气候。隔断墙的设计是为了让风通过院子降温，同时限制外界的视觉接触，房子的南面和西面没有任何透明元素。ReYard House的太阳能电池板相对于地面呈15度倾斜，位于木质天幕之上，以达到最高效率。这个天幕保护了院子免受阳光的伤害，并确保了气候的舒适性。它还能捕捉和引导风进入院子，藻池的蒸发有助于冷却院子。

ReYard House courtyard is designed to be comfortable, shaded, comfortably humid space for the hot and dry desert climate. The separator walls are designed to allow the wind through the yard to cool down the temperature while limiting the visual contact from outside South and West facades of the house do not have any transparent elements. Solar panels of ReYard House are inclined at 15 degrees with respect to earth on top of the wooden canopy for maximum efficiency. This canopy protects the yard from the sun and ensures climate comfort. It also captures and redirects wind into the yard where the evaporation from the algae pond helps to cool down the courtyard.

夯实的土基和木质框架板是ReYard House的基本建筑元素。屋子的墙壁通过并排连接在一起。内外板之间使用竹枝作为隔热材料。房子被设计成一个模块化系统。在室外建造的模块化设置的痕迹，在室内空间也可以观察到。选用的家具和空间设置创造了一个模块化和灵活的内部空间。花园家具由团队熟练的产品设计师利用废旧托盘和残余的夯土板制作，以减少浪费，并最大限度地减少房屋对环境的影响和生态足迹。

The rammed earth based and wooden framed panels are the fundamental building elements of the ReYard House. The walls of the House are brought together by connecting them side by side. Bamboo sticks are used in between the inner and outer panels as insulating material. The house is designed as a modular system. The traces of the modular setup, which was constructed outdoors, are also observed in the interior space. The selected furniture and space setup created a modular and flexible interior. Garden furnitures made by the team’s skilled product designers using waste pallets and residual rammed earth panels to reduce waste and minimize environmental impact of the house and the ecological foot print.  

ReYard的目标主要是通过使用以微藻为基础的先进废水处理系统来减少项目的水和碳足迹。来自浴室和厨房的生活污水，在膜生物反应器中进行生物处理。这种操作使我们有优势利用藻类池中剩余的无机营养物质。这种方法提供了一个先进的处理后可重复使用的水作为二次用途。我们利用有机厨余和微藻生物质，通过堆肥生产有机肥料。此外，促进植物生长的藻池水直接用于景观灌溉。

What is also aimed in ReYard was mainly to reduce water and carbon footprints of the project by using a microalgae-based advanced waste water treatment system. Domestic wastewater coming from bathroom and kitchen, is biologically treated in Membrane Bioreactor. This operation gives us an advantage to use remaining inorganic nutrients in algae pond. This method provides an advanced treated reusable water for secondary purposes.  We produce organic fertilizers through composting using organic kitchen waste and microalgae biomass.  Additionally, algae pond water which promotes plant growth, is used for landscape irrigation directly.

在藻类池中，我们种植的微藻可以说是通过光合作用生长的微小单细胞植物。与陆生植物相比，在同样的面积上生长，它们通过光合作用能够产生5-10倍的氧气。因此，藻类池塘就像ReYard院子里的小森林一样，吸收大气中的二氧化碳。通过这些创新的系统，我们能够重复使用80%的废水来提供水源。

In algae pond we grow microalgae which can be considered as tiny single-cell plants growing through photosynthesis. Comparing to the terrestrial plants, growing in the same area, they are able to produce 5-10 times more Oxygen through photosynthesis. So, the algae pond acts like a tiny forest in the courtyard of  ReYard and uptakes CO2 from the atmosphere. Through these innovative systems we are able to reuse 80% of our waste water to provide water supply.

为了达到最大的能源效率，我们为ReYard的房子使用了有益的创新HVAC系统。板式热回收装置为起居室提供夜间制冷，同时也为室内的空气提供热量。单机房热回收机组采用陶瓷滤芯，对吸入客厅和卧室的新鲜空气进行降温。空气源热泵的COP通过蒸发冷却的方式来提高，夜间较高的HP COP值使得 "冷水 "储存在蓄水池中成为可能。雷亚德住宅的制冷和供热需求由空气源热泵系统和太阳能热系统支持。

We used beneficial innovative HVAC systems for the ReYard house in order to reach maximum energy efficiency. Plate type heat recovery unit provides night cooling for the living room while  Single room heat recovery units with ceramic cartridges are used to cool down the fresh air aspirated into living room and bedrooms. The COP of the air source heat pump is increased by means of evaporative cooling where the higher HP COP values at night makes it possible to store “cold water” in the accumulation tank. Reyard house’s cooling and heating demand is covered by an air source heat pump system with a support of a thermal solar system.

在两年的设计期间，博斯普鲁斯团队的成员在各自的大学里与工业赞助商合作，进行了大量的研究和开发。最终，他们重新循环、重新使用、重新诠释，并称之为ReYard。

During 2 year design period of the ReYard House, members of Team Bosphorus conducted numerous of Research and Development studies in their universities in collaboration with industrial sponsors. In the end, they ReCycled, they ReUsed, they ReInterpreted and they call it ReYard.

Project: ReYard House

Designers: Team Bosphorus from Turkey

Location: MOROCCO

Area:  140 m²

Year:  2019

Photographs:  Hacer Bozkurt