海草湾养生度假村改造设计

公司：	灰空间建筑事务所	类型：	景观 \| 建筑
地区：	中国	标签：	建筑改造 \| 乡建

01.项目背景

范家村位于山东省威海荣成市石岛管理区，东临石岛湾内湖，风景优美，是一个典型的北方行列庭院式村落。近年来石岛在“百里海岸线，一条风景链”的政策指引下，全区着重打造“最美渔乡”民俗展示区、“十里古乡”文旅结合区、“山居海韵”风情体验区、“品质农业”休闲观光区四大板块，并专门开设一条贯穿四大美丽乡村特色板块的全域美丽乡村旅游示范带，范家村位于示范段中段。

01.Project Background

Fanjia Village is located in the Shidao Management Area of Weihai City, Shandong Province, of which the beautiful scenery of Shidao Bay Inner Lake is to the east. It is a typical northern ranks courtyard-style village. In recent years, Shidao has been guided by the policy of "one hundred miles of coastline, one scenic chain". The "most beautiful fishing village" folklore display area, "ten miles of ancient township" cultural tourism combination area, "mountain residence sea rhyme" style experience area, "quality agriculture "Leisure and sightseeing area" four sections can be created, which can be dedicated to open a whole area of beautiful countryside tourism demonstration belt through the four beautiful countryside characteristic sections. Fanjia Village is located in the middle section of the demonstration section.

△鸟瞰 Aerial view

△村落街道Village streets

随着沿海岸线整体景区和基础设施的建设，传统海草房古民居村落逐渐被拆除，范家村周围的肌理逐渐被破坏，截止2020年5月，基本已消失殆尽，取而代之的是行列式的板式住宅楼和别墅区。范家村内部的房屋也被空置，部分房屋已衰败，正等待着新的功能。

With the construction of the overall scenic area and infrastructure along the coastline, the traditional village has been gradually demolished and the fabric around Fanjia Village has been gradually destroyed, and as of May 2020, it has largely disappeared, replaced by ranks and columns of boarded-up residential buildings and villa areas. The houses within Fanjia Village have also been left vacant, some of them decaying and awaiting new functions.

△10年范家村肌理变化 10 years of changes in the texture of Fanjia Village

02.问题与挑战

02.Issues and Challenges

如何留住乡愁，让历史记忆与现代生活共存是本次设计的出发点。一方面，原有村落的肌理特征和海草房的遗产需要保留，另一方面，现有房屋布局体系为一种功能性的、兵营式的布局，场地缺乏识别性，土地节约型和院落空间的层次性上都有欠缺。如何在保留村落肌理、院落空间、原乡民居格局的基础上调整适配空间以满足酒店的运营功能；同时，在保护酒店私密性的前提下保留和扩展公共空间的开放性和整体空间的连续性，是本次设计的一个主要的挑战。

Retaining nostalgia and allowing historical memories to coexist with modern life is the starting point of this design. On the one hand. On the other hand, the existing house layout system is a functional, barracks-style layout, and the site lacks recognition, land conservation and the hierarchy of the courtyard space. How to adapt the space to meet the operational functions of the hotel while preserving the village fabric, courtyard space and the pattern of the original village houses; at the same time, preserving and extending the openness of the public space and the continuity of the overall space while protecting the privacy of the hotel, is a major challenge for this design.

△基地航拍 Base Aerial Photograph

△近景鸟瞰 Close up aerial view

03.材料与建造：延续与再生

03. Materials and Construction: Continuity and Regeneration

海草房古民居是胶东地区最具代表性的传统民居，是长期环境、气候影响的结果。沿海地区夏季多雨潮湿、冬季多雪寒冷，特殊的地理位置和气候条件下，民居主要考虑冬天保暖避寒，夏天避雨防晒，工匠以厚石砌墙，用海草晒干后作为材料苫盖屋顶，建造出海草房。

The ancient dwellings of the sea grass houses are the most representative traditional dwellings in the Jiaodong region, and are the result of long-term environmental and climatic influences. In the coastal area, it was rainy and humid in summer and snowy and cold in winter, so the main consideration for the dwellings was to keep warm in winter and protect them from rain and sun in summer.

△传统海草房村落街道 Village street

原有海草屋的真实性如何保留、如何修复现有屋顶、插入新的结构、充分利用具有地域特色的建筑材料并使其融为一体是这个项目建造的重点。

How the authenticity of the original seagrass huts was preserved, how the existing roofs were restored, new structures inserted, and how the building materials with regional characteristics were fully utilised and integrated was the focus of the construction of this project.

△公共院落空间 Public Courtyard Space

整体建造策略上回归建造的本质，注重建造过程与完成形式之间的逻辑关系。老房子为海草顶，以修复为主，体现地域特色；新建建筑为平屋面，突出纯粹的砌筑体量特征。新老建筑之间通过相同的建筑材料、相似的比例关系融合在一起。

The overall construction strategy returns to the essence of construction, focusing on the logical relationship between the building process and the finished form. The old house with its sea grass roof is restored to reflect the regional character; the new building with its flat roof highlights the purely masonry volume character. The old and new buildings are fused together through the same building materials and similar proportional relationships.

△民宿院落空间 B&B courtyard space

海草屋面：Seagrass Roofing.

用于建造的海草是生长在5-10米浅海的大叶海苔等野生藻类，非常柔韧，由于含有大量的卤和胶质，有防虫蛀、防霉烂和不易燃烧的特点。“一栋海草房需要70多道工序，全部都是手工艺。” 海草房建造过程中请来当地熟悉工艺的老师傅指导施工，按照准备工作、做檐头、苫屋坡、封顶、洒水、平实五个步骤，原汁原味体现地域特色。

The seagrass used for construction is wild algae such as large-leaved seaweed that grows in shallow seas of 5-10 metres. It is very pliable and, due to its high content of brine and gum, is resistant to insects, mould and burning. "A seagrass house requires more than 70 processes, all of which are handcrafted." Local masters familiar with the craft are brought in to guide the construction of the seagrass house, which follows five steps: preparation, making the eaves, thatching the slope, sealing the roof, sprinkling water and levelling the ground, reflecting the regional characteristics in their original form.

△海草房构造剖轴侧 Seagrass house structural profile axis side

△从入口看下海草房屋顶The roof of the Lower Seaweed House as seen from the entrance

△海草房群落空间Seaweed House Cluster Space

砌筑墙体：Masonry Walls.

保留建筑的墙体维持建筑的原貌，有的是上部为砖墙、下部为石墙的形式，有的是自上而下的完整石墙。新建的部分为了保持院落的完整性，增加了石砌的院墙。景观元素局部采用锈钢板及深灰色不锈钢板，以工业感衬托手工感。石墙材料为当地产的石岛红，有平缝和乱缝两种类型，在建造方式上，遵循当地的一些传统建造工艺，这种工艺掌握在当地老师傅的手中，砌筑一人一天只能一到两个平方左右，乱缝墙是两到三个平方。这种做法费时费工，但却是对于传统建造技艺的传承，也是一种在地化的乡村营造理念。

The walls of the preserved buildings maintain the original appearance of the buildings, either in the form of brick walls at the top and stone walls at the bottom, or complete stone walls from top to bottom. The newer parts of the building have additional stone masonry walls in order to maintain the integrity of the courtyard. The landscape elements are partially made of rusted steel plates and dark grey stainless steel panels to set off the handmade feel with an industrial feel. The stone walls are made from locally produced stone island red and are available in two types,flat seam and messy seam. In terms of construction, they follow some traditional local construction techniques, which are in the hands of local masters, and can only be built by one person for about one to two square feet a day, while messy seam walls are two to three square feet. This is a time-consuming and labour-intensive process, but it is a way of passing on traditional building techniques and a localised concept of village construction.

△景观石墙 Landscape Stone Wall

△新砌筑的院墙和保留的老墙 New masonry wall and preserved old wall

△石头院墙 stone walls

生态泥抹面：Clay Plastering.

新老建筑墙体上均采用生态泥抹面，设计用白灰和泥土以2:1的方式并采用特殊的流程工艺还原古旧泥墙的建筑肌理，形成独特的光泽及文化品质，相同的材料使得新老建筑紧密结合在了一起。

Clay plaster is used on both the old and new building walls, designed with a 2:1 ratio of white ash to rammed earth and using a special process technology to restore the architectural texture of the old mud walls, creating a unique lustre and cultural quality, with the same materials making the old and new buildings closely integrated.

△新建生态泥抹面外立面 New clay plaster facade

墙面上的拴马桩是对于过去海草房记忆的延续。

The hitching post on the wall is a continuation of the memory of the past seaweed house.

△保留的拴马桩 The preserved hitching post

04.场所与地点：打造北方海边新型院落

04. Place and location: Creating a New Type of Courtyard by the Northern Sea

设计对现状26个院子设计之初都进行了勘察，找出其中五个质量较差的院落进行拆除，院落通过合并、拆除、扩大，改变原有单元的组合方式，更适应现代住宿的需求。原有建筑26间，设计完成后整合为19间。改造后剩余的19个院子屋面全部延续为海草房屋顶，形成完整的海草房村落。

The design surveyed all 26 of the current courtyards at the beginning of the design, identifying five of them of poor quality for demolition. The courtyards were combined, demolished and expanded to change the way the original units were put together and to better suit the needs of modern accommodation. The original building of 26 rooms was consolidated into 19 after the design was completed. The roofs of the remaining 19 courtyards after the transformation were all continued as seagrass house roofs, forming a complete seagrass house village.

△总图General view

拆除后的空地形成公共庭院，分别命名为水院（Watering Courtyard）、茶院（Tea Courtyard）、游苑（Playing Garden）、泳池（Swimming Pool）、静心苑（Health Garden）、田苑（Field Garden），三条主要道路和六个庭院构成一个网络，流线方便可达。

The demolished open spaces form public courtyards, named Watering Courtyard, Tea Courtyard, Playing Garden, Swimming Pool, Health Garden and Field Garden. The three main roads and six courtyards form a network with easy access.

△拆除老建筑形成新的公共院落空间Demolish old buildings to form new public courtyard spaces

围绕公共庭院等开放空间设置公共建筑和配套设施，如书吧、餐厅、布草间、公共卫生间、茶室等，完善酒店功能。

Set up public buildings and supporting facilities around the public courtyard and other open spaces, such as a book bar, restaurant, cloth room, public toilets and tea room, to improve the hotel's functions.

△水苑 Shui Yuan

△泳池 Pool

场地内现存多种树木，是村落中民居特色的一部分，承载着公共记忆，同时也是场地空间的重要组成，设计上予以保留，结合所在院子形成独特景观，增加院落之间的差异性。

A variety of trees exist within the site, which are part of the residential character of the village and carry public memory, as well as being an important component of the site space, and are preserved in the design to form a unique landscape in conjunction with the courtyard in which they are located and to increase the differentiation between the courtyards.

△院落中保留的树木 Trees preserved in the courtyard

场地南北向高差整体有1.7m，设计上不想体现挡土墙等工程做法，力争通过建筑元素的方式消化高差。道路的高差通过缓坡来解决，结合高差处理场地排水问题；院子和街道之间的高差通过门前踏步和景观小品来解决，形成近人尺度，丰富街道空间的同时增加院落体验上的差异性。

The site has an overall height difference of 1.7m in the north-south direction. The design does not want to reflect engineering practices such as retaining walls, but strives to absorb the height difference by means of architectural elements. The difference in height between the courtyard and the street is resolved by means of a gentle slope, which is combined with the difference in height to deal with the drainage of the site; the difference in height between the courtyard and the street is resolved by means of a step in front of the gate and a landscaping sketch, forming a proximity scale, enriching the street space while increasing the difference in the courtyard experience.

△景观石墙与石板路 Landscape stone wall and slate path

05.空间形态：类型及变体

05. Spatial Morphology: Types and Variants

院落本身尝试以较少的改动通过组织规则实现多样性的聚落形态，结合自身的特点形成具有统一原型中有差异性的院落组群。

The courtyard itself attempts to achieve a diversity of settlement forms with fewer modifications through the rules of organisation, combining its own characteristics to form groups of courtyards with differences in a unified prototype.

△院墙看向泳池The courtyard wall looking towards the pool

新建的餐厅书吧和茶室作为民宿内部的开放空间，建在原有院落的单元基底上，采用与原有院落相似的构成关系，三面围合，西侧向民宿入口空间开放，新建部分采用玻璃幕墙体系，增加空间开放度的同时材料上与老房子形成对话。

The new restaurant, book bar and tea room are built as open spaces within the B&B, on the base of the original courtyard units, using a similar composition to the original courtyard, enclosed on three sides, with the western side opening up to the entrance space of the B&B. The new section uses a glass curtain wall system, increasing the openness of the space while forming a dialogue with the old house in terms of materials.

△书吧与餐厅 Book Bar and Dining Room

一号院原本是两个院子，均为三合院，包括北侧的海草房坡屋面主屋及侧边和南侧的厢房，设计拆除了东侧房屋的侧面厢房，将入口设在这一侧，靠近右侧的公共空间，保留了原来庭院的围合感，功能上将公共区设在南侧厢房，北屋作为两个卧室。

The first courtyard was originally two courtyards, both triplexes, including the main house with the sloping roof of the sea grass house on the north side and the side and south side chambers. The design removes the side chambers of the east house and locates the entrance on this side, near the public space on the right side, retaining the sense of enclosure of the original courtyard and functionally locating the public area in the south side chambers and the north house as two bedrooms.

△一号院轴侧 The side of courtyard one shaft

△一号院 Courtyard One

四号院位于第二排最西侧，设计上将原有院子前面的通路划入庭院本身，作为入户前的景观通路，流线上经过景观通路先进入南侧的公共空间，经由公共空间进入内院再到达北侧的卧室。

The fourth courtyard is located on the westernmost side of the second row and is designed to incorporate the original courtyard frontage into the courtyard itself as a landscaped pathway before entering the home. The flow of the pathway is through the landscaped pathway first into the public space on the south side and through the public space into the inner courtyard before reaching the bedrooms on the north side.

△四号院入口 Entrance to Courtyard Four

七号院为两个院落整合而成，左侧为公共建筑茶室，设计将部分院前道路扩大，与茶室门前形成统一的开放区，增加空间层次，北侧为两间卧室，东侧为新建的公共区。

The seventh courtyard is the result of the integration of two courtyards, with the public building, the tea room, on the left. The design widens part of the front road to form a unified open area with the front of the tea room to increase the spatial hierarchy, with two bedrooms on the north side and a new public area on the east side.

△七号院轴侧 Side of the 7 courtyard shaft

△七号院入口 Entrance to House Seven

△七号院 The Seventh House

十一号院位于中段，设计将原门前道路收进院落，将道路中断，打破原来的通长格局。通过一段浅灰色石板路入门，入门后一条路经过踏步上至平屋面屋顶，另一条路经过两次转折和踏步到达室内，消化场地内高差关系。通过路径的规划和转折关系，延续并加深传统民居的行走体验。

The design of the eleventh courtyard, located in the middle section, interrupts the original frontage road into the courtyard, breaking up the original through-length pattern. The entrance is via a section of light grey stone path, after which one path leads up to the flat roof via a walkway, and the other path leads to the interior via two turns and a walkway, digesting the relationship of height differences within the site. The planning of the paths and the turning relationships continue and deepen the experience of walking through the traditional dwelling.