Fratry 卡莱尔大教堂

公司：	Feilden Fowles	类型：	建筑 \| 室内
地区：	英国	标签：	文化空间 \| 宗教空间 \| 旧改项目

Feilden Fowles已经完成了对卡莱尔大教堂的一级中世纪Fratry的改造--这是150多年来大教堂遗址上最重要的物理干预。通过新建的红砂岩入口亭和连接新旧教堂的结构，为Fratry大厅和地窖建造了一个新的入口。该项目经过漫长的酝酿（大教堂已经酝酿了15年，而建筑师则酝酿了6年），为Fratry提供了新的用途，并首次向公众开放，丰富了大教堂对广大社区的益处。

Feilden Fowles has completed the transformation of the Grade I-listed medieval Fratry at Carlisle Cathedral - the most significant physical intervention on the cathedral site for more than 150 years. A new entrance to the refurbished Fratry hall and undercroft has been created, reached through a newly built red sandstone entrance pavilion and link structure connecting old and new. The project, completed following a long gestation (the cathedral has been working on it for 15 years, and the architects for the last six), gives the Fratry renewed purpose and welcomes the public for the first time, enriching the cathedral’s benefits to the wider community.

它是英格兰西北部坎布里亚郡卡莱尔圣公会主教的所在地。大教堂辖区建于1122年，采用诺曼式建筑风格，并在13、14世纪进行了扩建，大教堂辖区的实心砖石为当地的红色圣比斯砂岩，随着时间的推移已经变黑。费尔登-福尔斯的新入口亭是由邓弗里斯红砂岩洛卡布里格斯（Locharbriggs）制成，由当地石匠切割安装而成。Fratry建于15世纪，是牧师的食堂，里面有全国最好的大教堂图书馆藏书。

It is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Carlisle, Cumbria, north west of England. Built in 1122 in a Norman architectural style, and extended in the 13th and 14th centuries, the cathedral precinct’s solid masonry is of local red St Bees sandstone, which has darkened over time. Feilden Fowles’ new entrance pavilion is made from Dumfries red sandstone, Locharbriggs, cut and installed by local stonemasons. The Fratry was built in the 1500s as the priory refectory, and houses one of the finest cathedral library collections of books in the country.

该馆位于Fratry的西北部，原奥古斯丁修道院回廊的西侧旧址，在宗教改革期间被毁，该地段已成为死地，风吹日晒，只作为一条大道。亭子的位置与修道院呈90度角，亭子及其绿化边缘划定了一个新的空间，旨在营造出修道院的氛围，这也是设计的灵感来源。亭子在大教堂区域和城市的中心重新引入了一个反射和遮蔽的公共空间。

The pavilion is located to the north west of the Fratry, on the site of the former west range of the original Augustinian priory cloister, destroyed during the Reformation; the lot had become dead, windswept land, serving only as a thoroughfare. Positioned 90 degrees from the Fratry, the pavilion and its green fringe delineate a new space and aim to create the atmosphere of the cloister that inspired the design. The pavilion reintroduces a reflective and sheltered public space at the heart of the cathedral precinct and city.

该项目平衡了高科技创新（数控切割石材、3D和2D建模、复杂的几何形状）和低技术含量的解决方案（专业的手工雕刻），以增强历史悠久的辖区，并创造一个宜人的居住空间。亭子的数控切割石料的坚固性和拱门形成的玻璃托架的透明性形成鲜明对比，为游客提供了清晰的大教堂和周围列名建筑的视野。新建的迎宾区和公共咖啡馆，为神职人员提供了迎接游客和学校团体的专用空间，使大教堂能够以新的方式与更多的人接触，并改变其教学和学习活动。教育工作将受益于Fratry大厅下方新整修的地下空间，这里已成为能容纳80人的开放、整洁的空间。

The project balances high-tech innovation (CNC-cut stone, 3D and 2D modelling, complex geometries) with low-tech solutions (specialist hand carving) to enhance the historic precinct and create a pleasant space to dwell. The solidity of the pavilion’s CNC-cut stonework and contrasting transparency of the glazed bays formed by the arches provide visitors clear views to the cathedral and the surrounding listed buildings. A new welcome area and public café have been created, providing dedicated space for the clergy to greet visitors and school groups, and allowing the cathedral to engage with more people in new ways and transform its teaching and learning activities. Education work will benefit from the newly refurbished undercroft beneath the Fratry hall, which has become an open, uncluttered space able to accommodate 80.

该馆的立面设计灵感来自大教堂辖区内的哥特式拱门，尤其是Fratry的西窗。在2016年广泛的公众咨询后设计，这个下垂的拱门轮廓扇形的简单直线前缘，其精致程度让人想起大教堂东窗中发现的垂直哥特式痕迹。曲线和垂直形式的解析力在砂岩立面上创造了微妙的光影效果。从内部来看，这是一个清晰明亮的空间：墙壁用石灰石膏渲染，以模仿内部的石柱；天花板上有吸音毡板；大量的自然光扫过裸露的石头和木材表面；抛光的混凝土地板延伸到地下室，所有这些都为项目带来了舒适的水平

The elevations of the pavilion are inspired by Gothic arches found across the cathedral precinct, and in particular, the western window of the Fratry. Designed following extensive public consultation in 2016, this dropped arch profile fans out to a simple rectilinear leading edge, which has a refinement reminiscent of the Perpendicular Gothic tracery found in the east window of the cathedral. The resolution of the curved and perpendicular forms creates a subtle play of light and shadow across the sandstone elevations. Internally, it is a clear, bright space: walls are rendered in lime plaster to mimic the stone columns internally; the ceiling is lined with acoustic felt panels; generous natural light sweeps across the exposed stone and timber surfaces; and the polished concrete floor extends to the undercroft, all of which bring a level of comfort to the Fratry.

进入Fratry的入口是通过一个轻巧的、全玻璃的青铜结构，在展馆南端通过楼梯或电梯进入。这个高大而纤细的环节是与工程师Structure Workshop合作设计的。抬头看向头顶的青铜格子，支杆分成了一个斜屋顶，灵感来自Fratry讲坛的石质天花板图案。与亭子和Fratry厚重的砂岩形成鲜明对比的是，轻巧的链接将亭子与翻新后的Fratry建筑的半层连接起来，在那里形成了新的入口。19世纪末通往Fratry的门廊入口被拆除，原来的Robert Smirke门廊--在建造门廊时曾被反转并降低--被恢复到原来的方向和位置，并以新的手工雕刻进行修复。通过这样做，门廊周围的浮雕和雕刻现在被新的链接入口所框住。由于在初步勘察工作中发现有一个暗渠横穿了洞口的位置，因此从连接通道建立通往地下墓室的新入口是一项有趣的工程挑战。新的入口位于地下拱门的中心位置。

Entry to the Fratry is now through a lightweight, fully-glazed bronze structure accessed via stairs or lift at the southern end of the pavilion. The tall and slender link was designed in collaboration with engineers Structure Workshop. Looking up to the bronze lattice overhead, the stanchions divide into a diagrid roof inspired by the stone ceiling motifs in the Fratry pulpit. Contrasting with the heavy sandstone of the pavilion and Fratry, the lightweight link connects the pavilion to the half levels of the refurbished Fratry building, where new entrance openings have been formed. The late 19th century porch entry to the Fratry has been removed, and the original Robert Smirke doorway - which had been reversed and lowered when the porch was built - has been returned to its original orientation and position, and restored with new hand carving. By doing this, the reliefs and carvings around the doorway are now framed by the new link entrance. Creating the new entrance to the undercroft from the link proved an interesting engineering challenge, as a culvert was found crossing the location of the opening during the preliminary investigation works. The new opening is set centrally on the undercroft arch.

在内部，丰富的材料色调旨在给人一种奢华和历史的感觉，与原始工艺和材料的质量相呼应。青铜、砂岩、钢材和石灰抹灰都具有丰富的质感、色调和铜锈。

Internally, a rich palette of materials aims to give a sumptuous and historic feel, resonating with the quality of the original craftsmanship and materials. Bronze, sandstone, steel and lime plasters all have rich textures, tones and patinas.

Fratry项目标志着大厅首次向所有人开放--参观建筑和图书馆，并参加活动。Fratry现在已经具备了举办展览、表演和活动的能力。灵活的照明和新的视听系统已被谨慎地整合，大厅的适应性将为大教堂提供新的收入来源。Fratry大厅和地下空间都进行了清理，并通过拆除隔断和障碍物将空间细分开来。翻新后的地下空间使整个空间的视野更加开阔，该空间现在可用于与当地学校和社区开展教学和学习活动。

The Fratry project marks the opening of the hall to all for the first time - to visit the building and library, and attend events. The Fratry has now been equipped to host exhibitions, performances and events. Flexible lighting and new AV systems have been discreetly integrated, and the hall’s adaptability will provide the cathedral with novel income streams. Both the Fratry hall and undercroft have been de-cluttered and opened up by removing partitions and barriers subdividing the spaces. The refurbished undercroft opens up views down its full length, and the space can now be used for teaching and learning activities with local schools and communities.

卡莱尔大教堂是该市历史街区的一部分，其中包括图利大厦和卡莱尔城堡。该项目由卡莱尔大教堂之友、赠款信托基金、公众的慷慨捐赠、大教堂的活动以及国家彩票遗产基金的200万英镑的大笔捐款所促成。

Carlisle Cathedral is part of the city’s historic quarter, which includes Tullie House and Carlisle Castle. The project has been made possible by funding from the Friends of Carlisle Cathedral, grant-making trusts, generous donations by members of the public, cathedral activity and a major contribution of £2m from The National Lottery Heritage Fund.