北京密云儿童活动中心：北京服装厂改造项目

公司：	REDe Architects \| 末广建筑	类型：	建筑
地区：	中国	标签：	文化空间

缘起

随着新型城镇规划的影响，北京城市更新由郊区逐渐蔓延到城乡结合处，密云区北庄镇原服装制造产业结构在乡村产业发展的要求下发生了变化。本项目的前身是一家建于20世纪90年代的服装制造厂，业主买下整个空置的厂区后，拟保留原有建筑物，并将其改造更新成以儿童科技馆为主，融合酒店、亲子教育、游学营地、商业等综合业态的少年儿童活动中心。

Background

As urban planning develops in Beijing, urban renewal gradually spreads from the center to the suburban Beizhuang Town. The project site was originally a garment manufacturing factory covering an area of 5,000 sqm in Beizhuang Town. We have retained the original layout of factory buildings, and renovated it into a youth activity center which is comprised of youth education camps along with classroom, restaurant, conference room, and accommodations. The site is divided into two courtyards. The northern one is featured by a large one-story single-span factory building with a bent structure. In the southern one there are small red brick buildings with timber trusses and brick bearing walls. Considering the structural characteristics of the original fabrics, we concentrated the education camps, conference rooms and restaurants in the northern area, and accommodations in the southern one.

▼山角下的少年儿童活动中心

▼改造后的厂区重塑了小镇新的社区活力

从场地出发的规划

整个厂区主要分为南北两院，北院以是排架结构为主的单层单跨大厂房，曾经是服装厂区内最重要的生产车间。南院是砖承重墙木桁架屋面的小开间红砖房，原功能分别是库房、集体宿舍和食堂。基于原始建筑尺度和结构特性，我们把儿童科技馆、多功能厅和餐厅等需要大跨度空间的功能集中在北区；把酒店住宿功能集中在南区。

Master Planning

The old plant mainly consisted of two sections. The north area accommodated a one-storey single-span workshop with a bent structure, while the south zone was composed of red brick buildings that featured wooden roof trusses and brick bearing walls, including a warehouse, a canteen and dormitories. Based on the scales and structural characteristics of the existing buildings, we set children's discovery center, multifunctional hall, restaurant and other functions that require large-span space in the north zone, while the south area was repurposed into accommodations.

▼园区总平面图

▼园区功能平面图

如何激活一个没有过多的历史故事和空间特色的工业遗存地？为了回应场地内不同限制条件和功能需求，我们对十二个单体建筑均采用了不同的改造策略，而不同的改造策略会应对不同的结构形式和构造设计，所以我们在改造过程中并没有针对不同单体建筑去预设一个统一的风格，而是将空间叙事体验的重点放在单体建筑之间以及整体建筑群与山体环境的关系上。在大体量厂房与北方苍茫山脉间营造近人的尺度，通过置入步道、廊道、小广场和过庭等一系列空间构筑物，串联北院活动空间到南院住宿区的连续的立体景观体验，是密云服装厂改造项目最大的空间体验特色。

How to reactivate such an old industrial site without rich heritage and distinctive spatial features? In response to various limitations and functional demands, different renovation strategies were adopted for the 12 single buildings. As opposed to setting a unified style for those buildings, we put emphasis on the relationship between individual buildings, the whole architectural complex and its surroundings. The site is surrounded by factories and mountains. During renovation, we created friendly spatial scales, and inserted a series of structures such as walkway, corridor, small square and transitional yard to link the north zone' activity space with accommodations in the south area and to produce continuous, three-dimensional landscape experiences.

▼联系儿童营与观山露台的景观步道

游戏式地景的改造策略

我们希望把孩子当做形式的鉴赏家，于是采用抽象的几何构件进行场地内的景观设计，给孩子提供一个抽象的超现实场景，让他们随心所欲地诠释它，任意想象这些形状的可能性，去编织故事进行冒险，运用直觉创造出数不清的玩法。

Children's Playground

Abstract geometric components were applied to landscape design, to create a surreal setting for children, who are encouraged to explore possibilities of geometric shapes, conceive stories of adventure, play and have fun in various ways.

▼园区改造前后对比分析图 GIF

现状北院为水泥砖硬质铺地，我们在其中置入了圆环坡道和钢格栅平台，用一个巨大的玩乐构建联系西侧儿童营地与东侧餐厅屋顶露台，使得孩子们可以在不同标高奔跑玩耍，钢格栅平台同时为地面草坪活动提供了的半透明遮阳区，使空间呈现了戏剧性的整体感。结合原始园区气质和建筑立面材质，我们采用回收红砖和水泥砖做硬质铺地主材，点缀以塑胶跑道，为儿童提供可以恣意跑跳的趣味空间。

The existing pavement in the north courtyard was covered by hard concrete bricks. We embedded a circular slope and a steel-grid platform into the courtyard, to build a large entertainment installation. It connects the camp area and the restaurant's rooftop terrace on west and east sides, while allowing kids to run and play at different heights. The platform provides shade for the lawn and activities beneath, which helps strengthen a dramatic feeling. Given the site's atmosphere and textures of building facades, we chose recycled red bricks and concrete bricks as main paving materials, which are complemented by a rubber running track, together producing playful spaces where kids can run and jump freely.

▼北院前后对比照片

▼置入体

我们不希望限定孩子的认知与想象，所以我们在圆环步道结构和空间设计上摒弃了传统样式，采用了类似正弦函数的斜柱拼成几何图案来代替直立的柱子，圆环的双螺旋形体也是从数学关系中找到一个精确的循环比例关系，空间的动、静体验随着运动交替着。位于草坪中心的消防水池出口被设计成一个楔形的光学小亭子，将天空拼合在草坪里；建筑外立面均采用了几何色块与线条做装饰，目的是给孩子一个弹性的想象空间，让他们在空间里自己去探索与互动。我们期待孩子进入这个特别的场地，通过自己的感官来增强对自然的体验，在屋顶奔跑玩耍时，也有大山和天空作伴。

In order to liberate children's perception and imagination, we abandoned conventional forms as conceiving the circular walkway's structures and the spatial design. Slanting columns were chosen to support the suspended walkway, forming an undulating pattern that resembles "sine waves" in mathematics. Besides, the double-helix structure of the circle is endowed with a precise proportional relationship. In this way, the space offers alternating experiences, either dynamic or static. Moreover, the fire reservoir outlet at the middle of the lawn was designed into a wedge-shaped optical pavilion, which blends the blue sky into the lawn area. The building facades are embellished with geometric color blocks and lines, with a view to evoking kids' imagination and stimulating them to interact and explore the distinctive venue. We hope this place can help strengthen kids' sensory perception of nature. As running and playing on the rooftop, they're embraced by sky and mountains nearby.

▼可以触碰到远山的半透明平台

▼天空从缝隙间漏下，期待夜晚的星空

▼模糊的空间边界，鼓励身体与空间的扩张与互动

▼连接天空与大地的跑道

▼枣树与延展的纽带

▼夜里，当结构变成手拉手的回旋舞

▼光束的动态韵律

▼动态的不平衡感

▼光束与远山

现状南院为柏油路硬质地面，野蒿从老化的地面裂缝蓬勃生长着，有着北方的放肆与粗犷。为了避免刻意的人工造景痕迹，我们模仿野生植物高低交错成簇的生长肌理来打造南院花园。在植物配置上我们选择了北方常见的宿根花草，希望在自然的生长与衰败间，呈现生命动态的季相变化。我们期待这是一个自然悟真的场所，孩子们在这里体验着自然最本的美，去观察植物们随风舞动的形态、它们迎着光的样子与凋敝时的优雅。花园里的蹦床是宇宙中心的小黑洞，吸引着来往的大人与孩子们。

The existing south courtyard was paved with asphalt, with wild artemisia vigorously growing from cracks on the ground. To avoid adding artificial landscape too "consciously", we scattered plant clusters that naturally grow at staggering heights to build a garden. We selected perennial plants that are common in Northern China to present changing scenes throughout the year. We wish the garden can help children to discover the authentic beauty of nature, observe varying states of plants, either swaying in the wind, embracing sunshine or withering... The trampoline in the garden is like a "black hole", attracting both adults and kids.

▼改造前厂区南院的野生状态

▼改造后厂区南院鸟瞰

▼傍晚雨后的小院

南北院之间，我们根据现状的高差设计了一个流动的水景，在水景上插入了一个胶囊型过亭，连接着住宿区、餐厅院与北院——它是空间旋律的轻缓停顿。考虑到周围建筑强烈的几何形态和单调的肌理，我们需要一个视觉上的“冷静区threshold zone”融入背景环境，过庭漂浮在水面之上，两面穿孔的金属板墙体在一定距离观看的时候会自然重叠出摩尔纹，使画面变得模糊不清，游离在视觉的感知之外，呈现出一种如面纱般微妙的动态效果。穿孔的金属板有时会让光线透过，带来清晰的视野；有时又会让光线发生折射和扭曲。

Between the north and south courtyards, we made use of the existing height difference to create a flowing waterscape, where a capsule-like pavilion was inserted to connect accommodations, restaurant and the north courtyard. It's like a gentle pause in the spatial rhythm. Considering the striking geometric forms and monotonous texture of surrounding buildings, we created a "threshold zone" to integrate into the environment. The pavilion floats on water surface, and its perforated metal screens on two sides reveal moire patterns when viewed from a certain distance. The view becomes blurred, presenting ethereal and dynamic visual effects. The perforated metal panels sometimes filter light and brighten the space, and sometimes refract, distort the light.

▼“缺席的物质”轻柔地“降落”在水面

▼被捕捉的光，半透明和全反射带来虚实相间的效果

▼连接着住宿区、餐厅院与北院的过亭@夏至

▼环境被朦胧的过滤

▼水院改造前后对比照片

北区儿童科技馆

现状场地最北侧的临时砖混建筑封闭采光差，不满足使用要求，于是我们拆掉了北侧的临时建筑，置入了一列伞骨状单边悬挑结构的入口商业序厅，序厅弱化了70米长、7米高的厂房体量对临街入口的压迫感，过渡了人们从北广场进入科技馆的体验。序厅室内由七个半圆形玻璃盒子相切而成，分别承担着科技馆主入口、咖啡休息区和衍生品概念店等功能，它们如同一个个连续的小聚落。我们将光学的透明、反射与折射等一些列现象转化成物理空间体验。连续的玻璃面反射了周围环境，使结构更加轻盈，将视觉扩展到其他维度。

The Youth Activity Center in the North District

The northern most original brick and reinforced concrete building on the site had few openings, resulting in poor lighting, which did not meet the requirements for contemporary use. Therefore, we removed the original building in the north and placed a row of entrance lobby, which is a single-sided cantilevered structure in the shape of umbrella ribs. It eases the pressure of the mass of the 70-meter-long and 7-meter-high factory building on the street entrance, as well as people's experience of transition from the north square to the Youth Activity Center. The interior of the lobby is made up of seven inscribing semi-circular glass boxes, which function as the main entrance to the Youth Activity Center, the cafe area and the concept store of creative items, like continuous small settlements. We transformed a series of phenomena such as optical transparency, reflection and refraction into spatial experiences of physics. The continuous glass surface reflects the surrounding environment, making the structure lighter, and extending the view to other dimensions.

▼儿童科技馆改造前后对比分析图

▼街景在内与外间被触发

▼打开的伞（施工中）

▼空间的膨胀与收缩，风景被带远与拉近

▼折射的光就像是自身的发光，内与外之惑

我们通过重构展示空间与展品的关系来探索儿童科技馆内部空间的潜力，尝试营造游戏的无边界感，希望为0-7岁的儿童创造一个可以一起玩耍学习的混龄环境。我们利用原厂房7米净高将功能从动到静按楼层分区，让儿童在地面层做环形动线的肢体游戏活动；而在夹层空间的尽端处设置停留时间较长的启智游戏和教学区。为了使儿童在活动中与空间产生对话，在展项布局上我们以景观楼梯为中心舞台，沿厂房纵向分别布置了钢坡道和弧形楼梯，充分利用了楼梯底部缝隙空间，结合滑梯创造出一个立体游戏区，自由路径激发各种运动的可能性。展项分隔上，我们采用自由曲面，鼓励身体与空间的扩张与互动，拉网弧墙与横跨楼层间的织网使孩子在空隙中爬行穿梭。

The potential of the internal space of the Youth Activity Center is explored by restructuring the relationship between the exhibition space and the exhibits, with attempts to create a sense of borderlessness for games. It is our hope to create a mixed-age environment for children aged 0-7 to play and learn together. The 7-meter clear height of the original factory space is divided into active and quiet functions according to floor levels, allowing children to enjoy physical games in a circular circulation on the ground floor. At the end of the mezzanine is set up an area for longer activities of creative and intellectual games and teaching. In order to enable children to interact with the space during their activities, we have taken the landscape staircase as the central stage in the layout of the exhibition items, and arranged the steel ramp and the curved staircase along the longitudinal direction of the factory space. The design has made good use of the gap at the bottom of the staircase and created a three-dimensional gaming area with a slide, where a free path brings out the possibility of various sports. For the partition of the exhibition items, free-form surfaces are used to encourage expansion and interaction between the body and the space. The curved mesh wall and the net across different floors allow children to crawl among the gaps.

▼儿童科技馆改造前后对比照片

▼结构的张力（施工中）

▼弧形楼梯与锥体滑梯组合成的幼儿游戏区

▼坡道与连廊划分的游戏区

北区餐厅与多功能厅

场地东侧厂房紧邻乡村道路，我们将有对外营业需求的多功能厅、餐饮和厨房等大空间房间布置在此。为了解决原厂房进深过大采光不好和热工环境差的现状，平面布局上，我们拆除原始夹芯板屋面，修复加固仅5.4米高的原始墙体，采用钢结构体系加建二层空间。我们原平面对角线位置预留了露天院落并保留原始混凝土排架结构，延续原始构件的秩序感。时间维度上原来的“内”与现在的“外”重叠在一个空间里。光的传递、原始墙体的序列、新旧的并置等要素，都是我们关注的重点。我们在两个厂房间嵌入门厅和卫生间体块来分隔北院与外部道路，同时让北院的视线直接与远山联系。最后，我们在会议、餐饮二层空间顶设置了景观廊桥，钢格栅地面与金属绳网的栏杆暗示着其作为圆环步道的延续，将人的活动导向屋顶平台。

Restaurant and Multifunctional Room in the North District

The factory on the east side of the site is close to the country road. Larger rooms such as the multifunctional room, restaurant and kitchen that require business to the public are arranged here. In order to solve the problem of poor lighting and thermal performance in the original factory that is too deep, we removed the original blockboard roof, repaired and reinforced the original wall that is only 5.4 meters high, and added a second floor of steel structure. We reserved an open-air courtyard at the diagonal position in the previous plan, and retained the original concrete bent structure to continue the sense of order in the original components. Temporally, the original "inside" and the current "outside" overlap in the same space. The transmission of light, the sequence of the original walls, and the juxtaposition of the old and new are all our focuses. A block of foyer and bathroom is inserted between the two factory buildings, which separates the northern courtyard from the external road, while allowing the sight of the courtyard to be directly connected with the distant mountains. Finally, we set up a landscape bridge on top of the second floor where meeting and catering space is located. The steel grille floor and the railing made of metal cable network suggest a continuation of the circular walkway, guiding people's activities towards the roof terrace.

▼望向远山的多功能厅前院

▼从多功能厅前院回望主院，建筑边界剪出漫步之丘

▼原来的“内”与现在的“外”重叠在一个空间里

▼有光的“膨胀空间”与有影的“收缩空间”

▼在餐厅屋顶露台望向内院，新与旧的“平行”（施工中）

▼餐厅室内梁柱均采用绿色氟碳漆，反差色带来了轻松的气质

▼老墙与新结构的镶嵌关系

南区民宿接待厅

南区建筑群原结构体系是砖承重墙木桁架屋面，呈南北向布局，原始功能为集体宿舍和食堂，我们利用原建筑结构与格局，增加上下水系统且提高房屋内热工新能，将其改造成民宿客房区。我们将废弃车棚的构造柱和钢料改造成民宿主入口前廊，并保留了场地入口处原始龟裂的沥青地面，期待春天野草和花朵从裂缝中长出。

Hostel Reception Hall in the South District

The original structural system of the southern building complex, with a north-south layout, was a brick load-bearing wall and wooden truss roof. The original function was dormitory and canteen. Based on the original building structure and layout, we added a water supply and drainage system, and improved the thermal performance in the buildings, which were converted into guestrooms. We transformed the structural columns and steel components of the abandoned carport into the porch of the main entrance to the hostel, and retained the existing cracked asphalt ground at the entrance of the site. It is from these cracks that we look forward to grass and flowers budding in spring.

▼庭院的阳光，穿过廊下，撒在草丛中

我们将厂区内废弃的食堂其改造成酒店接待厅，保留了原建筑斑驳的绿油漆墙裙和清水混凝土预制板屋面，并且置入不锈钢材质的卫生储藏功能模块、清水混凝土吧台和不锈钢卡座。精致做工与现状建筑内表面的斑驳肌理并置的设计策略，不但可以让新旧元素在保持真实性的前提下和谐共存，还互为作用产生了一种新的开放性和丰富性，无功能限定的“空”则是“空间的分割”。极细的断桥钢窗户及门扇最大程度使光和景色能“流”入室内，也强化了洞口与墙体之间的比例关系。

The abandoned canteen in the factory has been transformed into the hostel's reception hall. We retained the mottled green paint wall skirt and fair-faced concrete prefabricated roof in the original building, and inserted stainless steel sanitary and storage modules, fair-faced concrete bar counters and stainless steel booths. The design strategy of combining exquisite workmanship with the mottled texture of the internal surface in the existing building, not only allows the new and old elements to coexist harmoniously without compromising their authenticity, but also creates a new kind of openness and richness in their interplay. "Emptiness" without functional limitation means "division of space". The extremely thin thermally broken steel windows and doors allow maximum light and landscape to "flow" into the room, which also strengthen the proportional relationship between the openings and the wall.

▼进入接待室的前厅，新与旧的转换

▼清晨，被阳光唤醒的老墙

▼民宿接待厅改造前后对比照片

▼肋梁暗示着空间方向

▼天花板和墙壁都处于改造前最原始的状态

▼傍晚，从咖啡厅望向前廊

南区花房

我们有机会将南区主院尽端的小仓库重新建造成花房，功能分区分别是以壁炉为中心的半围合休息区和以会议桌为中心的开敞活动区。主体结构梁的延伸将天空与庭院引入活动区，通过地坪抬高50公分增强活动区的场所感使其与南院形成微妙的视线关系。支撑屋顶的钢梁，一部分放置在小钢柱上，于是钢梁结构从砖承重墙上抬高了30公分。屋顶和墙之间的空隙，则尽可能以玻璃填充，呈现通透漂浮感。从室内可以感知到分离，当进入，或者离开这房子的时候，型钢屋面和红砖墙体会让人感受到轻与重的张力，在强有力的体量和开放的明亮室内之间，产生一个悬置的关系。花房的“开放”和接待中心的“非开放”又构成另一重近距离的空间对应，人们在两者之间停留或穿过。

Green House in the South District

We had the opportunity to redesign the small warehouse as a green house at the end of the main courtyard in the south district. It is functionally divided into a semi-enclosed lounge centered on the fireplace, and an open activity area around the conference table. An extension of the main structural beams brings the sky and the courtyard into the activity area, and the floor is raised by 50 cm to enhance the sense of place of the activity area, which creates a subtle visual relationship with the south courtyard. Some of the steel beams supporting the roof stand on small steel pillars, so that the steel beam structure is raised by 30 cm from the brick load-bearing wall. The gap between the roof and the wall is glazed as much as possible to create a sense of transparency and suspension. This separation can be felt from the interior. On entering or leaving the building, people can feel the tension between lightness and heaviness from the profile steel roof and red brick wall. Between the strong volume and the open and bright interior is created a suspended relationship. The "openness" of the green house and the "non-openness" of the reception center, where people stay or pass between the two, constitute another close-up spatial correspondence.

▼花房改造前后对比照片

▼砖榻、地面、窗台三种高度的并置

▼非开放空间的形成从属于特定的墙体围合

▼一米见方的窗，联系着南院与休息区

南区民宿客房

为了契合场地内原有建筑的材质和尺度，我们相应地采用了清水砖墙分隔室内空间，每户之间的室外庭院院墙及铺地也采用清水红砖，红砖均是来自附近拆迁村落的回收老砖。从民宿主入口到客房区，我们利用矮墙、庭院和绿植，来营造一个松散又连续的户外体验路径，私密性和公共性被微妙的联系与区分。

Guestrooms in the South District

In order to echo the textures and scales of the existing buildings within the site, we have used fair-faced brick walls to separate the internal space. For the external courtyard walls and paving between each guestroom, fair-faced red bricks, all of which are recycled from nearby demolished villages, are also employed. From the hostel's main entrance to the guestroom area, we used low walls, courtyards and vegetation to create a discrete but continuous path for outdoor experience, where privacy and publicness are subtly connected and distinguished.

▼内向的庭院，砖房子里的绿野

▼客房里保留着老屋面

▼新与旧的时间对话

结语

改造后的北京密云老服装厂容纳了我们对孩子们日常成长的设想与期待。新空间的主角，是这里来往的人与家庭，他们与房子相互作用共同激活着新空间的生活潜力，这才是改造打动人的活力。多样开放的空间结构，让后续的使用拥有更多可能性，并伴随着时光而演变。

Concluding Remarks

The renovated Old Garment Factory in Miyun, Beijing accommodates our visions and expectations for children's growth everyday. The main actors of the new space are the people and families who come here. Their interaction with the buildings evokes the potential of life in the new space. This is the conversion's vitality that moves people. The diverse and open spatial structure allows for more possibilities for subsequent use, which always evolves with time.

▼北区施工照片