Tsubo-Niwa 住宅扩建

京都的围墙把住宅的居住环境整合在一起，同时作为大门和前庭的背景。现有房屋的正面宽5米，深4.5米，空间足够两个车位。但客户不需要停车位，他们更希望有一个日式花园。他们也希望通过改造这个门庭来改变现有的外观和房屋的整体形象，使其成为一个有吸引力的入口。 

Enclosed fence in Kyoto puts the residence’s living environment together, while serving as a gate and a backdrop of the front garden. The existing house has a frontage of 5m wide and 4.5m deep, and the space was enough for two carparking. The clients needed however no parking space, instead they would rather have a Japanese garden. They wished also to change the whole image of the existing exterior and the house by renovating this frontage into an attractive approach. 

首先，我们在现有的空地上规划了一个带格子推拉门的方形围墙，并在里面和外面赋予不同的元素。在围墙内可以布置一个像椿树一样的花园，外面则起到保持空间整洁的作用，自行车、户外装置、清洁工具等必要但不符合花园美感的物品可以存放在后面，而且可以方便地取出来供日常使用。 

First, we planned a square-shaped enclosure in the existing open space with latticed sliding doors and gave different characters to the inside and the outside. Inside the fence you can arrange a garden like a tsubo-niwa, and the outside serves to keep the space neat and tidy; items such as bicycles, outdoor units, and cleaning tools that are necessary but not compatible with the beauty of the garden can be stored behind and they can be easily taken out for everyday use. 

从这个方形的栅栏中，四周都有屋檐伸出来，屋檐可以防止木格栅进水，是由镀锌钢板无缝连接而成的。从街道上看，围墙就像一栋小楼，屋檐几乎和屋顶一样。它柔化了房前屋后孤零零的形象，营造了房屋、新围墙、花园、现有围墙、信箱等相互联系的生活环境群。因此，在不对主体建筑本身进行大的整修的情况下，我们可以改变整个环境的品质。 

From this squared fence, eaves come out all around. Having the size of a roof ridge cap, the eaves keep the water out of wooden lattice, being made seamlessly of a sheet of galvanized steel. Seen from the street, the fence looks like a small building with its eaves almost resembling a roof. It softens a solitary image of the house front and creates a group of living environments in which the house, new fences, gardens, existing fences, mailbox, etc. are connected with each other. Thus, without major refurbishment of the main building itself, we could change the quality of the whole environment. 

除了上述建筑问题外，我们还提出了一个原型，作为解决京都传统城市景观与现行建筑法规之间冲突的方案。虽然京都以历史悠久的木质建筑密集而闻名，但城市消防规定不允许建造2米以上的木门。为了实现防火区域难以实现的木质空间与木质拼接，围墙的高度保持在2m以下，这样就可以避免另外安装防火套墙。 

In addition to those architectural issues above, we propose a prototype as solution for the conflict between traditional cityscape of Kyoto and its current building regulations. Although Kyoto is known for its historical wooden buildings densely settled, modern urban fire prevention doesn’t allow wooden gate more than 2m high to be built. To achieve wooden space with wooden joinery, which is difficult in fire protection area, the height of the fence is kept lower than 2m, so that we could avoid installing fireproof sleeve walls additionally. 

栅栏每边的跨度为3.64m，高度最大为2m，顶部为3/10人字型屋顶。而且木材没有经过不燃处理。为了满足所有这些要求，柱子和梁都是用钢制的。采用T型钢，梁的截面性能和形状与屋面相匹配，同时基材的安装紧凑合理。由于在京都市区一般很难实现拱形屋顶的木栅栏，因此在类似条件下，这可以作为一种通用的解决方案。 

Each side of the fence has a span of 3.64 m with its height maximal 2 m, with 3/10pitched roof on top. And the wood is not treated non-combustible. In order to satisfy all of these, the columns and beams are made of steel. By using T-beam, the cross-sectional performance and shape of the beam are matched with the the roof, while the installation of the base material being kept compact and reasonable. This could be a general solution for similar conditions, as it is normally difficult to realize wooden fence with gabled roof in the urban area of Kyoto. 

Project name: Tsubo-Niwa Extension

Company name: Kenzo Makino & Associates (Architecture), Sone Zoen (Garden)

Website: http://kenzomakino.com/detail.php?id=52

Contact e-mail: office@kenzomakino.com

Project location: Kyoto, Japan

Completion Year: 2018

Building area (m2): 22.96m2

Other participants: Sone Zoen

Photo credits: Toshiyuki Yano