滨海公共空间：赫尔辛基 LÖYLY 公共桑拿室

桑拿文化

桑拿浴是芬兰文化和民族认同的重要组成部分。芬兰只有5,400万人，但却有3,300万个桑拿房。公共桑拿房过去在大城市很常见，但现在大多数新公寓都有自己的桑拿浴室，因此公共桑拿的数量急剧减少，现在只有为数不多的几个。随着社区文化逐渐成为新城市文化的重要组成部分，许多新型的公共桑拿房也在规划之中，芬兰首都赫尔辛基将为外国游客提供全年公共桑拿的体验，这是芬兰文化之旅的重要部分 。

Sauna culture

Sauna bathing is an essential part of Finnish culture and national identity. There are only 5,4 million Finns but 3,3 million saunas. Public saunas used to be common in bigger cities but now that most new apartments have sauna of their own, public saunas have decreased dramatically in number. There are only a couple remaining. As a sense of community is becoming a more and more important part of new urban culture, many new public saunas are being planned. With Löyly (meaning the steam that comes when you throw water on hot stones in a sauna)Helsinki will offer foreign visitors a public sauna experienceall year round - a must when visiting Finland.

过程

该项目始于赫尔辛基城市倡议。 Hernesaari 是赫尔辛基海滨的一个旧工业区，正被开发成住宅区。在 Hernesaari 有一个游轮港口，市政府希望用项目重新激活该区域，成为一个新的景点。早在2011年就开始了这个项目，我们在半岛的最远处设计了一个临时桑拿村，因为这个临时项目并不能带来持久的经济收益，所以第一个投资方退出了。我们与第二个投资方开发了一个“漂浮桑拿”，但是最终这个概念被证明是不可能的，因为场地面对着开放的大海，漂浮的结构不能承受如此高的海浪压力。海岸线会随着时间变化，因此我们在项目的选址上选择了一个海岸线较为稳定的区域，设计了一个三角形式的新建筑，投资方再次改变，演员Jasper Paakkonen和国会议员Antero Vartia为项目提供了资金，建筑开始动工。

Process

The project started from the city of Helsinki initiative. Hernesaari is a former industrial area on the Helsinki seashore that is being developed into a residential area. New usesare being developed for the area, while waiting for future changes to come. There is a cruise ship harbor in Hernesaari and the city wanted to activate the area with new functions and to serve visitors with new attractions. We started the project in 2011 designing a temporary sauna village at the furthermost end of the peninsula. The concept didn’t prove financially sustainable so the first client quit the project. We developed a floating sauna with the second client but the concept proved impossible as the site faces the open sea and a floating structure couldn’t withstand high waves and pressure from ice packs. The coastline will change with future development, but the city chose an area where the shoreline will remain as it is currently. We developed a new free form concept with triangular faces. The client changed once againand as actor Jasper Pääkkönen and Member of Parliament Antero Vartia finally got funding, the construction works could begin.

区位愿景

基地的位置十分便利，它离市中心不到两公里，算是处于市中心，但这里的景色就像外群岛一样美丽。这个场地未来还会建设一个滨海公园，该公园将成为连接首都和大海的“赫尔辛基公园”的一部分。建筑被有意的设计成又细又长的体量，这样就不会切断公园的狭长地带，体量尽可能的小，这样就不会挡住未来住宅区的视线。桑拿浴被发展成一个亲和的、多面化的建筑，比起传统桑拿房，能更多的欣赏到自然的美景，我们想要这个木制建筑涂上灰色，它会变得更像海岸线上的一块石头。

Context

The site is unique.Being less than two kilometers away from the city centre, it is very central but at the same time the landscape is like in the outer archipelago. The plot is situated in a future coastal park that will be part of a broader“Helsinki park” connecting the capital city to the sea. Thebuilding was designed to be slim and elongated so as not to cut the narrow park strip. The volume is kept as low as possible so that it doesn't block views from the future residential blocks. The sauna is developed into an easy-going,faceted construction that is more part of the park than a conventional building. When the wooden building turns gray, it will become more like a rock on the shoreline.

建筑

项目很简单：一个长方形的黑色盒子，里面有温暖的空间，外面覆盖着自由形状的木制“斗篷”。外立面的松木不仅具有装饰功能，还为人们提供了隐私，然而，这些薄板并没有限制空间内部的视野，相反，它们就像百叶窗一样，丝毫不影响观赏外部的景色，在桑拿浴室之间有斗篷降温，斗篷在斜坡之间形成了亲密的露台，当作观赏平台使用。建筑的结构还能保护建筑免受恶劣的沿海气候侵蚀，大面积的玻璃给室内空间一个屏障，有助于减少冷却建筑而消耗的能源使用。该建筑为未来的海洋运动中心的海上活动形成了一个大型室外礼堂。巨大的木制平台部分位于海面之上，在此你可以听到脚下海浪的声音。

Architecture

The architectural idea is simple: there is a rectangular black box containing the warm spaces that is covered with a free form wooden "cloak". Instead of being mere decoration,the sculptural structuremade of heat treated pine has several functions. It provides people with visual privacy. However,the lamellas don't limit the sea view from insideit, rather they function like venetian blinds and blocking the views from outside. There are sheltered outside spaces between the warm mass and cloak to cool down in between sauna bathing. The cloak forms intimate terraces between its slopes that serve as a place to sit.The structure protects the building from the harsh coastal climate. It shades the interior spaces with big glass surfaces and helps to reduce the use of energy to cool the building. Moreover, the stepped cloak forms stairs to climb on to the roof and look out terraces on top of the building. The construction forms a big outdoor auditorium for the future marine sports centre's activities on the sea. There are around 4000 planks that were precisely cut to individual forms by a computer-controlled machine. The big wooden terrace is partly on top of the sea and you can hear the sound of the waves under your feet.

空间

该建筑由两部分组成：公共桑拿区和餐厅区域。桑拿浴室向大海开放，可以看到市中心甚至一些有趣的海景，氛围平静，空间光线昏暗，当你从这个区域移动到餐厅区域时，在昏暗的视野中将会豁然开朗，进而走进一家光线充足的开放式餐厅。男女更衣室和淋浴是分开的，覆盖在门上的皮革窗帘表示男女通用的区域，这时游客需要穿泳衣，这样就有可能和你的朋友一起洗澡，而不会因为性别分开：这使得可能不习惯裸浴的外国游客也可以体验正宗的芬兰桑拿。

Spatiality

The building consists of two parts: public saunas and a restaurant. The saunas and public spaces open up to the sea,with interesting views to city center and even to the open sea. The atmosphere is calm and the spaces dimly lit. Different areas are conceived as spaces within a space. Interesting views open between closed spaces as you move from one area to the next. You enter in the restaurant that is a light and open space. From there a dimly lit sauna path leads to bathing area. Shoes are left in awardrobe before you go to a reception desk where you get a locker key and a towel. Dressing rooms and showers are separate for men and women. A leather curtain covering the door indicates entry into the unisex area, at which point visitors need to wear a bathing suit. Traditionally men and women bath separately and naked. We wanted to develop sauna culture so that there would be a possibility bath together with your friends not depending on the gender. This makes sauna experience available also for foreign visitors that might not be used to bathing naked.

室内

餐厅和桑拿室的内部结构由Joanna Laajisto创意工作室设计。设计的目标是创建一个大气的餐厅，这种设计手法可以称为次极简主义，最大的挑战是在大厅中创建私密的座位区，有两面墙但两面通透的私密空间，因为人们常常觉得背靠墙坐着最舒服。解决方案是为酒吧区建造一个凸起的平台，将空间分成两个不同的区域。一个木制的半墙锚定了长定制设计的沙发，可以看到大海的美景。

Interior

The interior architecture of the restaurant and the sauna lounge is by Joanna Laajisto Creative Studio.The objective of the design was to create an atmospheric restaurant which compliments the strong architecture of the building. The approach could be called soft minimalism.The challenge was to create intimate seating areas in the large hall like space with two walls of windows. People often feel most comfortable sitting their backs against the wall. The solution was to build a raised platform for the bar area which divides the space into two different areas. A wooden half wall anchors the long custom designed sofas which have a great view of the sea.

室内使用的主要材料是黑色混凝土、浅色斯堪的纳维亚桦木、黑色钢材和羊毛。所有材料经久耐用。所使用的木材是经过压制、胶合和微热处理的桦木，这是芬兰的一项新的可持续创新，胶合板工业的剩余材料，通常是通用作燃烧废料，但我们把废料变成一种美丽的可回收材料，一种凉爽的、浅色调的和耐久性很强的建筑材料。

The main materials used in the interiors are black concrete, light Scandinavian birch wood,blackened steel and wool. All materials are durable and long lasting. The wood used is pressed, glued and slightly heat treated birch, a new sustainable Finnish innovation made of left over materials of the plywood industry that normally is burned to produce energy. This is how waste is turned into a beautiful recycled material. It´s manufacturing process produces a beautiful cool light color tone and heavy durability. 

除了长沙发，Laajisto 工作室还在墙壁、桌面、长吧台甚至男女通用的马桶水槽上使用了胶合层压桦木。这些软垫椅是由意大利制造商Torre制造的，它们增加了空间的柔软感。所有的面料都是 Kvadrat 生产的柔软的天然羊毛。酒吧的凳子是 Gubi 设计的，桑拿室的木椅是芬兰 Nikari 设计的。

由 Micheal Anastassiades 工作室为建筑设计的弦灯为空间创造了微妙的节奏，同时又不遮挡波罗的海的景色。

In addition to the long sofas, Laajisto´s office has used the glued laminated birch on walls, tabletops, the long bar and even in the unisex toilet sink. The upholstered chairs, which add softness to the space, are by Italian manufacturer Torre. All fabrics are soft natural wool by Kvadrat. The bar stools are by Gubi and the wooden chairs in the sauna lounge are by Finnish Nikari.

The String lights designed by Micheal Anastassiades for Floss create a subtle rhythm to the space without blocking the views of the Baltic Sea.

桑拿

建筑提供了三种不同类型的桑拿，目的是为了让游客更好的了解芬兰桑拿，三种桑拿的加热方式都是用木材加热的：持续加热的桑拿浴，一次加热的桑拿浴(在早上桑拿浴开放前加热，整个晚上保持温暖)和传统的烟熏桑拿浴，烟熏桑拿在现代城市中已经非常罕见。在桑拿浴室之间有带冷水盆的温泉区和一个加热的空间，在享受桑拿之后可以尽可能的放松，你可以在海里游泳，甚至在冬天可以进行“Avanto”——冰上的洞，用来在冬天游泳，这在芬兰十分流行，也是我们工作室的名字。

Saunas

There are three different saunas that are all heated with wood: a continuously heated sauna, a once heated sauna (that is heated in the morning before the sauna is open and stays warm all evening) and a traditional smoke sauna – a true rarity in an urban sauna. This is how you can experience all sorts of Finnish Löyly during a single visit. Between the saunas there is spa area with cold water basin and a fire place room to relax in, between or after sauna bathing. You can swim in the sea and in the winter there is an “avanto”, the hole in the ice for winter swimming – a popular hobby in Finland and our office name as well.

可持续性

建筑采用集中供热，电力采用环保风能和太阳能。该建筑是芬兰第一个通过FSC认证的建筑，在斯堪的纳维亚是第二个。森林管理委员会的证书证明木材来自负责任的管理森林，餐厅只供应有机食品和可持续捕捞的鱼类。

Sustainability

The building is heated with district heating and electricity is ecocertified wind and solarpower. The building is first FSC-certified building in Finland and second in Scandinavia. Forest Stewardship Council’s certificate proves thatwood material comes from responsibly managed forests. The restaurant serves organic food and sustainably caught fish.

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设计单位：Avanto Architects Helsinki

官方网站：https://avan.to/

项目类型：公共桑拿

项目位置：芬兰赫尔辛基hernesaarenranta 4号位置

项目时间：2011 - 2016年设计完成

施工时间：建设2015 - 2016

建筑面积：1071平方米(披风下无遮蔽空间)，露台面积1510平方米+屋顶露台249平方米+观景露台58平方米，可容纳餐厅150间，露台300间，桑拿多达96间

总成本：约600万欧元

客户：Antero Vartia + Jasper Paakkonen, Kidvekkeli Oy

运营商：皇家饭店

合作者:

香港建筑师学会有限公司

Ville Hara和Anu Puustinen，建筑师SAFA

助理建筑师Antti Westerlund，建筑师SAFA

宽子森建筑师

Laura Nenonen，建筑学学生

徐孝文，建筑学专业学生

室内设计师Joanna Laajisto / Joanna Laajisto

(餐厅、休闲、桑拿、室内设计)

结构设计：Ramboll芬兰Oy / Hans Wilkman, Teemu Nyyssonen

海洋结构：Ramboll芬兰Oy / Juha Karkkainen

钢结构设计：SS - teracon Oy / Reijo Kytomaki, Ville Korkiamaki

玻璃结构：lasifakta Oy / Tahvo Sutela 

设计师：Optiplan Oy / Evgeny Nikolski, Aleksei Latti

电气设计：optiplan Oy / Jari Muunoja

主承包商：Rakennustoimisto Jussit Oy

基础工程：Kantakaivu Oy

电力承包商：Elektroasennus Oy

暖通空调承包商：Uudenmaan LVI-Talo Oy

木材家具承包商：Puupalvelu Jari Rajala Oy

钢结构：Vmt-steel

桑拿炉：Tulisydan Oy和Iki-Kiuas Oy

摄影师: Mikko Ryhanen / Joanna Laajisto工作室

Kuvio.com|0>>>>

Archmospheres.com

Building type Public sauna

Location Hernesaarenranta 4, Helsinki, Finland

Design and completion 2011 - 2016

Construction 2015- 2016

Gross Area 1071sqm (without covered space under the cloak)

Terrace area 1510 m2 + roof terrace 249m2 + look out terrace 58 m2

capacity restaurant 150, terrace 300, sauna up to 96

Total cost ~6,0 m€

Client Antero Vartia and Jasper Pääkkönen, Kidvekkeli Oy

Operator Royal Restaurants

Project management Qtio Oy

Designers:

Architects Avanto Architects Ltd /

Ville Hara and Anu Puustinen, Architects SAFA

Assistants Antti Westerlund, architect SAFA

Hiroko Mori, architect

Laura Nenonen, student of Architecture

Xiaowen Xu, student of Architecture

Interior architect Studio Joanna Laajisto / Joanna Laajisto

(restaurant, terracefurniture, sauna loungeinterior design)

Structural design Ramboll Finland Oy / Hans Wilkman, Teemu Nyyssönen

Marinestructures Ramboll Finland Oy / Juha Kärkkäinen

Steel Structural Design SS-Teracon Oy / Reijo Kytömäki, Ville Korkiamäki

Glass structures Lasifakta Oy / Tahvo Sutela

HVAC-designer Optiplan Oy / Evgeny Nikolski, Aleksei Lätti

Electric Design Optiplan Oy / Jari Muunoja

Contractors:

Prime contractor Rakennustoimisto Jussit Oy

Foundation works KantaKaivu Oy

Electric contractor ElektroAsennus Oy

HVAC contractor Uudenmaan LVI-Talo Oy

Timber furniture contractor Puupalvelu Jari Rajala Oy

Steel structures VMT-Steel

Sauna stoves Tulisydän Oy and Iki-Kiuas Oy

Photographers: kuvio.com

Archmospheres.com

Mikko Ryhänen / Studio Joanna Laajisto