大沙里乡村咖啡书屋

公司：	之行建筑事务所	类型：	建筑
地区：	中国	标签：	咖啡馆 \| 乡建 \| 书院

▲暮色下的咖啡书屋 A coffee shop in the twilight

▲水塘边的咖啡书屋立面The facade of the coffee shop by the pond

▲水塘边的咖啡书屋The coffee shop by the pond

01 “红色”与“网红”：红色文旅景区的年轻化服务需求

The demand for youthful services in red tourist attractions

项目位于湖南省长沙县青山铺镇天华山景区脚下，目前景区是4A级红色旅游景点，但是配套设施不完善，对于年轻人缺乏吸引力，因此镇政府找到我们，希望我们能够拿出一个低成本、同时能够吸引年轻人来打卡的咖啡书屋方案；另外一方面，因为项目位于红色景区的核心区内，因此项目外观必须要与当地民居协调一致，这对于设计提出了核心的挑战：如何兼顾“红色”景区的传统风貌要求，同时又能符合年轻人的“网红”需求？同时在几十万的造价内解决所有的建筑、室内、软装、景观？

The project is located at the foot of Tianhua Mountain Scenic Area in Qingshanpu Town, Changsha County, Hunan Province. The scenic area is a 4A level red tourist attraction, but the current supporting facilities are not perfect and lack attractiveness to young people. Therefore, the town government approached us, hoping that we can come up with a low-cost and attractive coffee and book shop plan that can attract young people to check-in; On the other hand, because the project is located in the core area of the red scenic area, the appearance of the project must be coordinated and consistent with the local residences, which poses a core challenge for the design: how to balance the traditional style requirements of the "red" scenic area while also meeting the "internet celebrity" needs of young people? Simultaneously solving all buildings, interiors, soft furnishings, and landscapes within a cost of several hundred thousand yuan?

02 “显”-“隐”之间：场地中潜在力量的感知与梳理

Perception and Sorting of Potential Forces in the Field

我们决定从感知场地开始，从场地周边来寻找推进设计的力量，找到可靠的设计线索。场地由西侧道路进入，南侧有一座业已建成的竹篾手工体验馆，北侧则可以远瞰景区主要山脉：天华山。以地形而言，场地为一处低洼地带，整体低于景区主干路约两米，因此原建筑在场地中呈现比较“隐”的状态，建筑的主入口和建筑体量不太容易被快速来往的景区车辆和人流所感知，这显然是不利于其作为公共服务设施的使用需求，因此如何理解和回应这个低洼的地势，成为了设计构思首先关注的焦点。

We have decided to start with perceiving the site and search for the driving force behind the design from the surrounding area, in order to find reliable design clues. The site is accessed by a road on the west side, with a completed bamboo strip handicraft experience hall on the south side and a distant view of the main mountain range in the scenic area: Tianhua Mountain on the north side. In terms of terrain, the site is a low-lying area, about two meters lower than the main road of the scenic area. Therefore, the original building presents a relatively hidden state in the site. The main entrance and building volume of the building are not easily perceived by the fast traffic of vehicles and people in the scenic area, which is obviously not conducive to its use as a public service facility. Therefore, how to understand and respond to this low-lying terrain has become the first focus of design concept.

▲显隐之间的场地特征site between emerge and conceal

为了打破建筑在这个低洼地带的消隐状态，面向北侧的建筑立面应有一定的尺度感，以“显”的方式，为建筑和场地带来人流。不过这种加大尺度感所带来的“显”，在建筑南侧却呈现相反的要求：因其南侧业已建成的竹篾手工馆，以其较高的地势，可使游客的视线得以越过这个低洼地带，望向天华山主景区，为避免视线通道被阻碍，在建筑的北侧要求建筑应延续其“隐”。为了平衡南-北方向这一对“隐”与“显”的矛盾，我们采用了单坡屋顶与双坡屋顶结合的屋顶方案：南侧以双坡屋顶相对较低的檐口、较低的脊线高度，回应南侧更低矮的形体要求，而北侧则以单坡屋顶较高的檐口，来回应北侧更大的尺度感和特色感的需要。

In order to break the hidden state of the building in this low-lying area, the south facing facade of the building should have a certain sense of scale, and bring people flow to the building and site in a "visible" way. However, the "display" brought about by this increased sense of scale presents the opposite requirements on the north side of the building: due to the already built bamboo handicraft museum on its north side, with its higher terrain, tourists can cross this low-lying area and look towards the main scenic area of Tianhua Mountain. To avoid obstructing the visual pathway, the building is required to continue its "hidden" on the north side of the building. In order to balance the contradiction between "hidden" and "visible" in the north-south direction, we adopted a roof scheme that combines a single slope roof and a double slope roof: on the north side, the double slope roof has a relatively lower eaves and lower ridge height to respond to the lower form requirements of the north side, while on the south side, the single slope roof has a higher eaves to respond to the larger scale and distinctive needs of the south side.

▲屋顶生成分析 Roof generation analysis

▲改造后南侧较“隐”的立面 The small-scale facade on the east side after renovation

▲改造后北侧较“显”的立面 The large-scale facade on the west side after renovation

就场地内部而言，南北宽度仅6-7米，不过东西长度却达到了55米。狭长的场地带来了线性的游览体验，人们从西侧大树覆盖的庭院，经过北侧的建筑侧面体验滨水空间，最终抵达场地东侧一片较为幽静的小树林，考虑到湖南暴晒与连绵阴雨终年交替的气候条件，我们为建筑穿上了一条“围裙”：以一条35米长的回廊，将这个线性体验的过程连接在一起，为其提供遮蔽，低矮的回廊为游客创造了更为亲密的尺度感，作为半室外的过渡空间，结合水吧台和座椅，丰富了游客的使用场景。

Internally, the width from north to south is only 6-7 meters, but the length from east to west reaches 55 meters. The narrow and long site brings a linear tourist experience. People experience the waterfront space from the courtyard covered by large trees on the east side, passing through the side of the building on the southwest side, and finally arrive at a relatively quiet small forest on the west side of the site. Considering the climate conditions of Hunan's scorching sun and continuous rainy all year round, we have put on an "apron" for the building: a 35 meter long corridor connects this linear experience process together, providing shade, and the low corridor creates a more intimate sense of scale for tourists. As a semi outdoor transitional space, combined with a water bar and chairs, it enriches the tourist's usage scene.

▲入口门廊 A corridor space resembling an apron

▲面向外摆区的回廊和水吧 A corridor space resembling an apron

03 “扬长避短”：框架结构与传统木结构的混合建造

The mixed construction of brick and traditional wooden structure

项目所面对的另一个挑战，就是“成本”与“效果”的矛盾：虽然建筑面积仅有190平，但是业主提出的50-80万的总预算，在扣除景观、软装、设备之后，为建筑和装修留下的预算空间已经捉襟见肘。通过思考，我们决定放弃常规的全现浇框架结构，转而借鉴湖南当地民居中比较常见砖混+木结构的混合建造方式，这种的建造方式有几点突出的优势：

1.木构屋顶相对于混凝土现浇屋顶更轻、可以有效减少结构自重，而且不需要钢筋、支模、现浇、找平等等复杂的工序，而且木结构屋顶可以直接作为见光面，省去了许多二次装修的成本，相对于现浇屋面来说，经济和美学优势显著。

2.砖混结构的砖砌墙体和现浇楼板相较于传统木结构的木隔墙、木楼板，无论是外墙防水性能、隔音效果、单方造价，都具有显著的优势。

3.从跨度而言，砖混结构和传统木结构，有相近的跨度要求，基本都是以3-4米为一“间”作为基本的跨度模数。

不过，为了满足当地报建的要求，最终一层的结构并未能以预期的砖混结构实施，而是采用了现浇框架结构，不过这种混合结构的思路，仍然有效的降低了项目最终的总体造价。

Another contradiction faced by the project is the contradiction between "cost" and "effect": although the building area is only 190 square meters, the total budget of 500000 to 800000 yuan proposed by the owner, after deducting landscape, soft decoration, and equipment, is already insufficient for the budget space left for construction and decoration. After careful consideration, we have decided to abandon the conventional fully cast-in-place frame structure and instead learn from the common brick concrete+wood structure mixed construction method in local houses in Hunan. This construction method has several prominent advantages:

1. Compared to cast-in-place concrete roofs, wooden roofs are lighter, can effectively reduce the weight of the structure, and do not require complex processes such as steel reinforcement, formwork, cast-in-place, and leveling. Moreover, wooden roofs can be directly used as visible surfaces, saving a lot of secondary decoration costs. 2.Compared to cast-in-place roofs, they have significant economic and aesthetic advantages.

Compared to traditional wooden partition walls and wooden floor slabs, brick masonry walls and cast-in-place floor slabs in brick concrete structures have significant advantages in terms of exterior wall waterproofing performance, sound insulation effect, and unit cost.

3. In terms of span, brick and concrete structures and traditional wooden structures have similar span requirements, generally ranging from 3 to 4 meters, known as "JIAN".

However, in order to meet the local construction requirements, the final floor structure was not implemented as expected with a brick and concrete structure. Instead, a cast-in-place frame structure was adopted. However, this mixed structure approach still effectively reduced the overall cost of the project.

▲本项目的现浇框架与传统木结构的混合建造 The mixed construction of brick and wood structures in this project

▲首层大厅：传统木结构与现浇框架结构的融合 First floor lobby: fusion of wooden and brick concrete structures

▲从门厅望向入口 Looking towards the entrance from the foyer

▲从咖啡区望向门厅 Looking towards the lobby from the coffee area

因传统木结构木料的跨度有限，因此空间每隔3-4米就会出现一根木柱，为了减少这些柱子对于空间的影响，我们将中心木柱的轴线整体偏移了两米，这主要基于的考虑是：1.偏移后的柱子位置，位于平面的辅助空间与使用房间的交界处，这样可以降低柱子对于空间使用的影响；2.另一方面，柱子偏移带来了脊线的偏移，提高了双坡顶南侧的檐口高度，带来了一条南侧的高窗，为空间引入了更多南侧的光线和景色。

The common disadvantage of brick concrete structure and wooden structure is that the span is relatively small, so a wooden column will appear every 3-4 meters in the space. In order to reduce the impact of these columns on the space, we have shifted the axis of the central wooden column by two meters as a whole. This is mainly based on the following considerations: 1. The position of the offset column is located at the junction of the auxiliary space on the plane and the using room, which can reduce the impact of the column on the space use; On the other hand, the offset of the columns brings about a shift in the ridge line, increasing the height of the eaves on the south side of the double sloping roof and creating a high window on the south side, introducing more southern light and scenery into the space.

▲大厅中心偏轴的堂柱 A pillar in the center of the hall that is off axis

▲木柱、钢楼梯与高窗 Wooden columns, steel stairs, and high windows

▲从书墙悬挑出来的钢结构楼梯 A steel structure staircase overhanging from the book wall

▲二层通道 First floor passages

▲二层书吧&会议室 First floor book bar&conference room

▲面向竹篾馆较矮的水平长窗 A horizontal long window facing the Bamboo Mill Pavilion

▲面向天华山景区较高的取景窗 Viewing window facing Tianhua Mountain Scenic Area

04 “省故知新”：传统做法的存续与新技术语境的找形

Finding of Forms in the Context of New Technologies

尽管项目采用了比较传统的结构体系，不过我们它能呈现出更加清新、现代的气质，这要求我们在形式的细节上能有所创新，通过审视传统形式生成的内在动力，来判断其在目前的项目情况下，是否还有继续存在的必要，从而尝试得到一个更加理性、准确的形式结果：

当地传统木结构的木柱，如果不经过专门的“车圆”和挑选（这会带来造价的提升），木柱之间存在相当大的形态差异，不同形态的木柱与墙面交接时，会产生木柱凸出墙面的宽度不同，以及交接边缘不直，无法收口的问题。为了解决这个问题，设计借鉴了传统木构抹斜口的处理，通过控制斜口的角度，来统一木柱子露出墙面的宽度，同时木柱与墙面交接的不直边缘，得以收入斜口的阴角，而斜口的阳角则可以始终控制为一条标准的垂线，通过这个斜口的细部处理，来完成不规则木柱从“曲”到“直”的转换。

Although the project adopts a relatively traditional structural system, it can present a fresher and more modern temperament, which requires us to innovate in the details of the form. By examining the internal driving force generated by the traditional form, we can determine whether it is still necessary to continue to exist in the current project situation, and try to obtain a more rational and accurate formal result:

The traditional wooden columns in the local area, if not specially rounded and selected (which will increase the cost), have significant differences in shape between the wooden columns. When different shapes of wooden columns intersect with the wall, they will have different widths of protruding from the wall, as well as uneven edges that cannot be closed. In order to solve this problem, the design draws on the traditional treatment of wooden structure plastering inclined openings. By controlling the angle of the inclined opening, the width of the wooden column exposed to the wall is unified. At the same time, the non straight edge of the intersection between the wooden column and the wall can be included in the inner corner of the inclined opening, while the outer corner of the inclined opening can always be controlled as a standard vertical line. Through the detailed treatment of this inclined opening, the irregular wooden column can be transformed from "curved" to "straight".

当地传统的坡屋顶建筑，一般采用青瓦或者陶瓦，不过其重量较大，且不易解决单坡屋面与双坡屋面的交接处的防水问题，因此屋面改为采用了更轻，整体性更好的沥青瓦屋面，由于沥青瓦没有滴水处理，因此我们增加了檐口的批水板，用以更好的导水和保护檐口，另外也顺便解决了现场木结构手工加工所产生的檐口不直的问题。

另外，当地传统建筑的屋面两侧会出挑60-80公分，其目标是为了保护墙面免遭雨水的破坏，然而目前外墙涂料的性能已完全可以胜任防水与防腐的需要，因此屋面出挑的必要性已经不充分，即使是南方多雨的天气下，也完全可以取消山墙的屋面出挑，赋予其更加简洁的外观。

Traditional sloping roof buildings usually use green or ceramic tiles, but their weight is relatively large and it is not easy to solve the waterproof problem at the junction of single slope and double slope roofs. Therefore, the roof has been changed to a lighter and more integrated asphalt tile roof. Since the asphalt tile does not have dripping treatment, we have added a drainage plate at the eaves to better guide water and protect the eaves. In addition, it also solves the problem of uneven eaves caused by manual processing of wooden structures on site.

The two sides of the roof of traditional buildings will protrude 60-80 centimeters, with the goal of protecting the wall from rainwater damage. However, the current performance of exterior wall coatings is fully capable of waterproofing and anti-corrosion needs, so the necessity of roof overhang is no longer sufficient. Even in rainy weather in the south, it is completely possible to cancel the roof overhang of mountain walls and give them a more concise appearance.

▲屋顶山墙、檐口、屋面交接处的细部处理Intersection between single slope and double slope roofs

▲屋顶檐口防水处理细部大样 Architectural detail drawing

▲墙身大样Architectural detail drawing

05 网红经济背景下的乡村设施更新与乡村新消费场景

Rural facility renewal and new consumption scenarios

虽然项目的经费预算不高，但是镇政府却对项目投入了许多关注，希望探索在当下网红经济背景下，让传统的红色文旅景区，能够更加符合当下年轻人的消费习惯，吸引年轻人来进行体验和学习，这个尝试是非常可贵的，也是我们团队在早期设计介入时候的初心。在设计过程中，我们与镇政府领导、平面设计团队、运营团队通力协作，思考如何呈现出更加新颖的乡村消费场景，将建筑-室内-产品三者融合，引导消费者打卡，对景点和建筑形成二次品牌的传播。在23年下半年试运营至今已有半年时间，从小红书、美团、大众点评等网络平台的反馈来看，还是形成了不错的客户反馈，尤其是在景区流量目前还不大的情况下，创造了单周营业量破2万的营收，是令我们感到十分惊喜的，也为我们团队对于“设计为乡村赋能”的愿景更加充满信心。

Although the budget for the project is not high, the town government has invested a lot of attention in the project, hoping to explore how to make traditional red cultural and tourism scenic spots more in line with the consumption habits of young people in the current context of internet celebrity economy, and attract young people to experience and learn. This attempt is very valuable and also the original intention of our team in the early design intervention. In the design process, we collaborated with the town government leadership, graphic design team, and operation team to think about how to present a more innovative rural consumption scene, integrate architecture, interior, and product, guide consumers to check in, and form a secondary brand for scenic spots and buildings. It has been half a year since the trial operation in the second half of 2023. Based on feedback from online platforms such as Xiaohongshu, Meituan, and Dianping, good customer feedback has been formed, especially in the current low traffic situation of scenic spots, which has created a weekly revenue of over 20000. This is very surprising for us and also gives our team more confidence in "designing to empower rural revitalization".