莫干山大白熊国际营地

公司：	咫间设计	类型：	景观 \| 建筑
地区：	中国	标签：	民宿客栈 \| 公园绿地

“建筑。。。。。作为人类的远祖为了躲避恶劣天气、野兽以及敌人而建立的一个庇护所，一定有一个简单的起点。。。。。。” Banister Flecther <A History of Architecture> 弗莱彻建筑史

营地作为建筑的某种简单的起点，来自于人们对未知自然领地的探索，是文明回到旷野的一个最小单元。去到一处陌生的自然野地，草原、湖泊、森林、山野等等，搭建一处遮风避雨的临时场所。较大一些的营地，会依靠一处水源，搭建一个小木屋作为房间居住，同时用帐篷搭出一个半室外场所作为客厅餐厅等日间活动区。先行者们白天深入自然腹地去探索寻找，晚上回到这样一个有篝火的栖息地休息。

Campsites, as a simple starting point for the origin of architecture, serving for people's exploration of unknown natural territories, acting as the basic unit of civilization returning to the wilderness. In natural landscapes such as grasslands, lakes, forests, and mountains, a temporary tent is built to provide shelter from wind and rain. Larger campsites may root on a water source, featuring a small wooden house for accommodation and a tented area as a semi-outdoor space for daytime activities such as living rooms and dining areas. Pioneers venture deep into the natural wilderness during the day for exploration, returning to such a habitat with a campfire for rest at night.

▼群山之中的营地 The camp among the mountains©王正

▼守望者小屋The Watch

▼山野营地The camp in the forest

▼傍晚的前厅 The lobby in the sunset

这次的设计任务是和国际知名户外品牌合作，在莫干山杨家田的山坡上打造一个山野营地酒店，利用原有两处废弃建筑新建酒店配套用房，同时规划营区，梳理场地，做整体景观提升。完全体的大白熊营地将成为区域相关主题体验的标杆。

The project is going to combine the essence of the Moganshan and the value of outstanding camping projects such as NORDISK to present a range of camp accommodations in a picturesque setting, with modern rustic lounges and spring pools. The complete MOGANSHAN x NORDISK REFUGE will be an important part of the local tour routes and establish the benchmark of tent hotel in the region of east south China.

初见The first view

我们第一次来到场地的时候，面对着这样一个场景：山上一处采茶人的破败小平房，三面环山，竹林和茶田把它环绕着。一旁有着不大的蓄水池塘和几棵小树。这里处于山顶的北坡，有着极佳的视野远眺莫干山群山，近处纵横两排大水杉像是这块场地的卫兵，守护着业已荒废的村落好多年。

When we first arrived at the site, there were following scenes: a tea grower’s small cottage surrounded by mountains, within bamboo forests and tea fields. Nearby, there was a small pool and a few small plants. Located on the northern slope of the mountain top, this place offered excellent views of the Moganshan mountain. In the lower ground, two rows of tall fir trees stood like guardians of this abandoned village, for many years

较低一些的山坡下，一段夯土和毛石砌筑的残墙是这个场所仅有的村落记忆。据山下的村长描述，这里曾是他们祖上为躲避洪水一路从安徽迁移过来最后的落脚点，因为这里足够高，再也不用担心水患。村长小时候也出生于此，幼年便随大人一起下山，于是山村逐渐荒废，几十年的时间便只剩下残墙一段。

Here there remains a ruin of stone wall, the only existence of the village's memory in this place. According to the village chief’s words, this was the final settlement for their ancestors who migrated all the way from Anhui Province to escape floods. They chose this place because it was high and resourced with good view, free from the fear of water disasters. The village chief himself was born here, then followed the family leaving the mountain in the 1990s, leading to the gradual abandonment of the village. Over the course of several decades, here only a fragment of the walls remains.

场地内有几段梯田状的茶田，就地取材的毛石墙护坡，有隐隐的小溪，时而露出地面，时而又经过地下形成暗溪，几处开阔的草地，环绕的竹林等等，具有一种立体的原生态美感。

The site features several terraced tea fields, stone slope protections made from local materials, streams emerge and hide underground, grasslands, bamboo forests, all of which contribute to a picturesque of wild beauty.

莫干山地区一个多世纪以来风风雨雨各色人等出入，近年文旅大热游客更是络绎不绝，这里就像是莫干山最被遗忘的一个角落，人迹罕至。

Over a century, people and life have come and gone in the Moganshan area. In recent years, with the popularity of cultural and tourism activities, there has been a continuous influx of tourists. However, this corner of Moganshan feels like the most forgotten and secluded place, rarely visited by people.

▼场地分析 Site analysis

▼场地环境 site scene

设计构思 Design concept

我们要做的，就是感知这块土地自然吐露出来的气息，然后加以雕琢整理。

Our task is to perceive the natural essence emanating from this land and then refine and shape it.

设计就以几个自然而然的议题展开。山上采茶小屋的探索者营地再塑造；山下残墙废宅的记忆重生；水杉林的保留再利用；场地内大环境梳理，包括竹林、草坡、茶田的新增和修补；各个帐篷区域的场景感和舒适度设计。

The design process unfolds around several themes. We will renovate the tea grower's cottage on the mountain into an explorer's ‘sentry post’; The memories of the stone walls in the low ground will be revived by the design of the entrance building; The preservation and repurposing of the fir trees; The overall environment and the circulation of the site will be carefully organized, including the biological repairing of the bamboo forest, grass slopes, and tea fields. The design will also focus on creating a sense of scenery and comfort in each tent area.

▼总平面图 Master Plan

▼功能布局图 Functions

▼构思草图 Sketches

作为项目内的永久构筑物，“前厅”（the lobby）与“守望”（the watch）被运营定位为酒店基础功能支持的角色。前者在入口处负责接待与餐饮功能。后者在高处服务泳池与观景，包含了淋浴更衣及休憩空间。

We had conducted research on two reference cases: one is similar type of tent hotels, and the other is local tourism projects in a hill/forest environment. The operational team in the organization phase helped us to make briefs for the two main buildings: “the watch” and “the lobby”, the former is a hub with scenic windows on the high ground, with shower and changing rooms for the spring pool; the latter is on the low ground, with receptions on the 1st floor and dining hall on the 2nd floor. Both buildings are located on the original ruins.

为了与营区共同塑造山野露营的氛围感，建筑风格上采用了“回到起点”的方式：以直观的坡屋顶、竖向支撑及自然材料的建构逻辑呈现“原始棚屋”，这一代表回归人居空间与自然相处最初状态的名词。建筑因此无缝融入露营区所塑造的整体氛围。

To create the atmosphere of the wildlife and camping, the architectural style incorporates the concept of primitive huts which reflects the philosophy of returning to nature. The combination of basic steel structure and wooden finishes exhibits a modern yet fundamental form.

▼效果示意 The rendering of the lobby and the watch

‘’前厅”（the lobby）

这里的功能定位是大堂及餐厅。蜿蜒的爬山山路驾乘过后，新生的老石墙引导着游客或进入建筑内的通道，或沿着并排的树林进入酒店的核心区。通道内石墙，木饰板，窗洞的组合延伸进入大堂；树林的光影则时刻重塑外部的石墙立面。两种通行方式都由线性的空间开始，结束于水杉林、山体、营区的豁然开朗。一种初见、探索、一瞥、开阔的到达情绪体验。二层的餐厅被树梢环绕，四季四色。我们通过建筑的开窗、檐口、屋面坡度等处理，尽可能多的邀请光线和绿色进入到室内，和我们设置的室内环境共舞，形成丰富立体的体验感。

The functional focus here is the lobby and restaurant area. After driving the winding mountain road, visitors are guided by the newly reconstructed old stone walls to either enter the building through interior pathway or walking exterior along the parallel rows of trees into the core area of the area. Inside the pathways, the combination of stone walls, wooden panels, and openings extends into the lobby room, while the play of light and shadow continually reshapes the exterior stone facade. Both ways of entering begin with linear spaces and end in the scenery composition of the fir trees, mountains, and camping area, evoking a sense of initial encounter, exploration, glimpses, and expansiveness. The second-floor restaurant is surrounded by treetops that exhibit the colors of the four seasons. Through architectural elements such as windows, eaves, and roof slopes, light and greenery are invited into the interior, creating a rich and immersive atmosphere.

▼沿着山路初见“前厅” The initial view of the lobby

▼隐逸的前厅入口 The hidden entrance

▼限定光线和外景的过厅 Framed scenes with light and shadow in the interior pathway

▼过厅 The interior pathway

▼大堂看向营地 The camp scene viewed from the lobby

▼大堂内景 The interior of the lobby

▼大堂和窗外的树林 The lobby and the trees outside the windows

▼吧台区域 Bar area

▼山下仰望 Look up to the watch

▼前厅东南角全貌 Southeast view of the lobby building

▼入夜后的前厅 Night view of the lobby building

▼半室外楼梯间 Staircase

▼竹影天窗Light and shadow of the staircase

▼与光线和绿色共舞的餐厅室内 Greening and light in the restaurant

▼树梢环绕的餐厅 View of the treetop and camp area in the restaurant

▼餐厅外小景 View from a corner of the restaurant

这里不仅仅是迎宾的场所，亦是场所转换的传送门。我们将场地原有的毛石残墙经过标记重组，重新砌筑到新建筑的主要外墙当中。老石墙曾今守护着这里的先民，如今又温润的进入新建筑继续守护来到这片土地的人们，我们会觉得这是空间和时间的双重延续。

It is not only a welcoming place but also a portal for spatial transition. We repurposed and reassembled the original stone walls of the site, incorporating them into the main walls of the new building. These old stone walls once guarded the ancestors of this land, and now they gently enter a new entity to greeting those who arrive on this land. This creates a sense of continuity in both space and time, where the past and present intertwine.

▼沿着树林和老石墙步入营地 Walking to the camp area along the stone wall and trees

▼石墙和场地的融合 Visual composition of the stone wall and the environment

▼树影斑驳下的石墙 Shadow filtered by trees on the stone wall

“守望”（the watch）

在高处犹如守望者看护引领着整个露营区，是一座探索者小木屋，一个庇护所。功能上结合策划运营的考虑，我们改造原有池塘，增设tentipi大帐，使这一组建筑场地变成了温泉泳池的山顶club。小木屋一楼提供温泉配套的洗浴及卫生间功能，二楼则是绝佳视野的聚所，白天这里是泡着咖啡的山顶书店，夜晚是好友小酌的山顶酒廊。

Like a guardian overseeing the entire camping area, stands the explorer's ‘sentry post’— ‘the watch’. For the considerations of planning and operation, we have renovatd the existing pond and added a tentipi tent aside, turning this compo into a mountaintop club with a hot spring. The ground floor of the ‘the watch’ provides bathing and restroom facilities that complement the hot spring experience, while the second floor serves as a gathering space with exceptional views. During the day, it functions as a mountaintop bookstore where guests can enjoy coffee, and at night, it transforms into a mountaintop lounge to enjoy a drink.

造型上回应露营主题的同时兼顾了各角度的视觉需求。由低处望向高处时，建筑在二层高度的屋面造型与台阶水渠流水形成的构图；拾级而上时逐渐明晰的一层立面；侧面与温泉池及tentipi大帐组成的主题形象；入口与二层景窗提示了探索与观望的流线。建筑在此处不仅提供了功能与氛围，也作为面向风景的视口，与各类活动及山间气候积极交互，条窗是留给群山的，天窗是留给星空的。

The design responds to the camping theme while considering visual demands from different angles. When viewed from below, the composition is formed by the roof shape at the second-floor height and the flowing water channels of the steps. As one ascends, the facade of the first floor gradually becomes clear. From the side, the image is created by the interaction between the hot spring pool and the tentipi tent. The entrance and second-floor panoramic windows indicate the flow of exploration and observation. The architecture not only provides functionality and atomsphere but also serves as a window to the landscape, actively interacting with various activities and the mountain climate. Narrow windows face the mountains, and skylights are open to the starry sky.

▼守望者小屋与大帐 The watch and the tentipi tent

▼守望者小屋与草坡 The watch and grassy slope

▼守望者小屋正面 Façade of the watch

▼小屋近景 The close view of the watch

▼一层观景休息区 1st floor interiotr

▼二层观景窗 2nd floor’s view of the secne

▼守望者小屋夜景 Night view of the watch

“山野花园”（the wild garden）

场地设计中充分尊重和理解这块土地原来的地形和植被情况，划分出三个主要营区，“梯田”“草原”“高山”。设计之初，运营、设计、施工几方合作，多次在酷暑烈日下满山坡的踏勘，为了让每一处营位都有独特的欣赏山野的视角，同时兼顾私密性，还要尽量避开原有的一些树木。最终各个营区都很好的融入了这片山林之中，看景的同时本身也成为了一道新风景。

The master plan fully respects and understands the original topography and vegetation of the land, dividing it into three main camping areas: "Terraced Fields," "Grassland," and "High Mountains." During the early stages, operations, architects, and construction team collaborated and involved numerous site survey: journeys up and down the slopes during hot and cold weathers for better control the quality of the final delivery. The aim was to ensure that each camping site has a unique perspective to appreciate the mountain scenery while maintaining privacy and avoiding disturbance to existing trees. Each camping area seamlessly integrates into the surrounding forest, becoming a new scenic feature itself while providing decent views for visitors.

▼营地总览 aerial view of the camping area

▼隐藏在山林中的营地 camping area hiding in the woods

▼每一个营位都有独特的观景视角 each tent with its unique view

▼日出下的高山营位 Sunrise scene of the camping area

▼草地营位 Lawn area tents

▼高山营位远观晨雾和群山 Mountain area tents facing the scene

▼帐篷内景 Interior of the tents

景观处理方式以梳理和重塑为主，把原来的这些自然元素如水石木绿等，以更纯净同时也更具参与感的方式展现出来。宽阔的草地被清理成大帐区和活动草坪；较缓的坡地改造成草坡，较陡的坡地通过干垒石挡土墙处理成茶田梯田；汇水沟加以拓宽并放入河滩石，变成一条潺潺的溪流，夏天可以戏水，枯水期也是不错的旱溪景观；台阶用枕木和石块作为踏步；边界用山下村民就地取材制作的竹篱笆作为护栏围挡；水杉林清理林下空间，加入吊床和攀爬等户外体验设施。在保护这片山野的前提下为各种户外活动方式提供了多样的载体。

The landscape design approach focuses on reorganising and reshaping, presenting the natural elements such as water, rocks, trees, and greenery in a purer and more engaging way. The wide grassland is cleared to create space for large tents and lawns. Gentle slopes are transformed into grassy slopes, while steeper slopes are terraced and supported by stone retaining walls to create tea plant fields. Water channels are widened and filled with pebbles to form a lively stream, providing a place for water play in the summer and a greening dry stream during the dry season. Steps are constructed using railway sleepers and stone blocks. Boundaries are defined by bamboo fences made from locally sourced materials by villagers in the area. The understory of the water fir forest is cleared to create open spaces and incorporate outdoor facilities such as hammocks and climbing structures. With a focus on preserving the natural environment, a variety of outdoor activities are accommodated within the site.

▼清晨的山野花园 The wild garden before the sunrise

▼舒缓的草坪与挺拔的水杉林 The quiet lawn area and elegant fir tress

▼汇水渠和草坡台阶 The streams and the steps of the grass slope

▼立体的山林 Lively composition of the tents and vegetations

▼草地、林地、坡地、守望者小屋 Lawn, fir trees, streams, steps and the watch

▼山间小路 The path

▼山坡下的天幕和山坡上的营位 Marquee under and the tent above

▼营地近景航拍 Aerial view of the tent area

▼远景鸟瞰 Bird view of the greater area of the site

结语 Conclusion

设计的意义是为了让人通过空间更好的融于自然。山林的曼妙、大树的斑驳、空气的味道、水流的声音，弥漫的光线以及亘古的山和变幻的云，这些是主角，我们设置的墙体，屋檐，窗户等等都是为了让参与者更好的感知和阅读他们。建筑应该是安静的存在，温和克制的自我表达才能使参与者更好的链接自然，链接他人，链接内心。

the purpose of design is to enable people to better integrate with nature. The gracefulness of the mountains and forests, the mottled patterns of the trees, the scent of the air, the sound of flowing water, the pervasive light, and the timeless mountains and ever-changing clouds – these are the ‘protagonists’ of the site. The walls, eaves, windows, and other elements architects incorporate into the design are intended to enhance participants' perception and understanding of these natural elements. Architecture should be a quiet presence, a gentle and restrained form of self-expression, allowing participants to better connect with nature, with others, and with their own inner selves.

相关设计图 Design drawings

▼前厅平面图 Plan of the lobby