韩国 Jetavana 佛教禅堂

公司：	studio_GAON	类型：	建筑
地区：	韩国	标签：	宗教空间 \| 文化空间

中道(Madhyamā-pratipad)不是那种苦尽甘来的觉悟，而是'从初、中、末的愉快'的东西。这就是佛教的核心思想。这个故事对我来说非常新鲜，之前对宗教只有很平淡的认识。讲故事的客户，要求我们以四圣谛(Saseongje)和八正道(Paljeongdo)的概念来建造一座寺庙。寺庙是佛陀涅槃之所，也是为寻求涅槃的教徒而建。

The Middle Way(Madhyamā-pratipad) is not the kind of enlightenment that comes at the end of suffering, but something that is ‘pleasant from the beginning, the middle and the end.’ Such is the core idea of Buddhism. The story was very fresh to me, having only very flat knowledge of the religion beforehand. The client, who told the tale, asked us to build a temple with the concept of Four Noble Truths (Saseongje) and Noble Eightfold Path (Paljeongdo). The temple is a house of the Buddha who has reached nirvana, and for the religious seeking to reach nirvana.

两年前，一位身材修长、相貌聪慧的僧人，来到我们办公室。他言简意赅地告诉我们，他正计划建造一座名为'Jetavana Seon（禅）中心'的佛寺。对面的山上已经开始设计禅修和苦行的寺庙，他正在寻找建筑师，设计一个名为 "Kuti"（私房，意为 "小屋"）的设施，单独建造供信徒居住。5月的一个下午，凉爽的谈话，像初秋的凉风，时不时地补充一些我略知一二的关于佛教的故事，随着他的一句 "那我在哪里签字委托设计呢？"而告一段落。

Two years ago, a monk with a slender body and an intelligent look, came to our office. With very concise and neat remarks, he told us that he was planning to build a Buddhist temple named 'Jetavana Seon (Zen) Center'. The design of temple for meditation and asceticism had already begun on the opposite mountain, and he was looking for an architect to design a facility called 'Kuti' (private accommodation meaning 'cabin') that will be separately built for believers to stay. One afternoon in May, the cool conversation, like a cool early autumn breeze, adding here and there a clumsy story about Buddhism that I knew a little bit, came to an end with his saying "So where do I sign to entrust the design?"

严格地说，我不是佛教徒。但我认为，所有宗教的基本精神都有共同之处。我有一个很无知很勇敢的想法，就是宗教的形式只是因为历史形势和当时宗教定居的各种情况而发生了变化。另外，由于我是建筑师，对老房子，包括寺庙、高级传统韩屋、民居等都很熟悉。所以，我不得不承认，我对建筑的看法有些守旧。我认为建寺庙是在做一个空间，形成一个从一柱门（一柱门）、天王门（供奉四德的寺门）到宝刹殿、新正殿的过程，这是我们第一次见面时我对和尚说的，这也形成了工作的起点。

Strictly speaking, I am not a Buddhist. But I think that the basic spirit of all religions have something in common. I have a very ignorant and brave idea that the form of religion has changed only because of the historical situation and the various circumstances of the time when the religion was settled. In addition, since I am an architect, I am familiar with old houses including temples, high-class traditional Korean houses, and folk-houses. So I have to confess that I have a bit of old-fashioned view of architecture. I believe that building a temple was making a space that forms a process of going through the order, from Iljumun Gate (One Pillar Gate) and Cheonwang Gate (the temple gate dedicated to the Four Deva) to Bosaldan and Sinjungdan, and this is what I told monk on our first meeting, which formed the starting point for the work.

"宗教，虽然目标也许不同，但却是到达某个地方的途径"。而据我所知，这一点在佛教大宗师蔚桑<Beopseonge(法性偈)>的造像中表现得相当明显。事实上，我们的宗教建筑，尤其是佛教建筑，都透露出对这样一种道路的极好诠释和奇妙的空间感。它讲述的是一种非常智慧的解决方案，在这里，它需要几经波折，或者说绕着走，而不是一条直线，地形和宗教教义自然而然地融于建筑之中。

"Religion, although the goal maybe different, is the way to reach somewhere." And, to the extent of my knowledge, this is quite evident in the iconography of Buddhist Great Master Uisang <Beopseonge(法性偈)>. In fact, our religious architecture, especially Buddhist architecture, reveals an excellent interpretation of such a path and a marvellous sense of space. It tells a very wise solution, where it takes a few twists and turns, or swings around, rather than a straight line, and where topography and religious doctrine naturally melt in architecture.

建造禅堂中心的地点，从行政区划上来说是在春川，但实际上是一个叫江川的小镇，对我来说相当熟悉，因为我在大学时代经常去那里，或者和朋友们乘坐庆春铁路线经过那里。选址是一块窄小的稻田，面对着一条沥青铺成的道路，比两车道窄一点，但比一车道宽一点，穿过一个闲置的村庄。看着这块土地，我规划了信徒们在善（禅）室里修行苦行几天的库提。最初，我计划做一个重叠的广场，让人们在其中行走和打坐。

The location to build the Seon (Zen) Center is in Chuncheon in terms of administrative district, but in fact it was a town called Gangchon, quite familar to me because I frequently visited there during college years or passed through with my friends on Gyeongchun railway Line. The site was a little narrow rice paddy facing an asphalt-paved road, a little narrower than two lanes but a little bit wider than one lane, passing through an idle village. Looking at the land, I planned the Kuti where the believers, who spend a few days to practice asceticism in the Seon (Zen) Room, will stay. Initially, I planned to make an overlapping square way, in which people would walk and meditate.

随着设计的继续，我从善禅中心的头陀那里听到了一些有趣的佛教故事。在僧人提出的设计方针中，"四圣谛 "显得尤为突出，它涉及到痛苦、痛苦的原因和消除痛苦的方法。这就成为了这个建筑的基本概念，因为这个建筑是一个苦行的空间，以摆脱由执着所造成的痛苦。

As the design continued, I heard interesting tales of Buddhist stories from the head monk of Seon Seon(Zen) Center. Among the guideline of the design that the monk suggested, the Four Noble Truths stands out, which deal with suffering, and the cause of suffering, and the way to remove them. This became the basic concept since this building is a space for asceticism in order to escape from suffering caused by obsession.

另一个令人印象深刻的故事是 "中道(Madhyamā-pratipad) "的概念，意思是 "从头到尾都很愉快"。这个概念令人激动。我们生活在奇怪的执着中，过着闲适、快乐的生活被认为是在浪费时间。在这样的执着中，人们越来越凋零。如果有人告诉你 "人生得意须尽欢"，那岂不是很解脱!

Another impressive story was the concept of 'Middle Way (Madhyamā-pratipad)', meaning "Pleasant from beginning to end". The concept was exciting. We live in strange obsession where living an idle, joyful life is considered like wasting time. In such an obsession, people are withering more and more. Wouldn’t it be so liberating if someone tells you “You can just have fun in life”!

那是佛陀最初的教义，但多年来，加入了很多历史和地方元素，严重破坏了佛教原有的精神。与客户的讨论会议是在听故事，而不是讨论设计。在几个月的时间里，原本应该建在对面山上的佛教圣地和禅房等主要设施，搬到了我们设计的场地。为此，我们又增加了相邻的土地。

That was the original teaching of Buddha, but over many years, many historical and local elements were added and the original spirit of Buddhism was severely damaged. The discussion sessions with the client was spent on listening to stories, not discussing the design.. In the course of a few months, major facilities such as Buddhist sanctuary and Seon (Zen) Room which were supposed to built on the opposite mountain, moved into the site we were designing. To that end, the adjoining land was added.

Jetavana是梵文，意思是 "泽塔王子的森林"。汉字叫 "Jetavānā-nāthapiṇda dasyārāma"，简称为Jetavana。苏达塔忙于寻找土地为佛陀建庙，最终找到了想要的土地。土地的主人是泽塔王子，他说："你在这里撒多少金币，我就给你多少土地。"以示婉言拒绝出售。苏达塔就真的开始在这块土地上铺金币，泽塔王子很惊讶，阻止了他。最后在这块土地上建起了Jetavana，这里成为释迦牟尼在世时呆的时间最长的地方，自然成为圣地。

Jetavana is a Sanskrit, meaning "The Forest of Prince Zeta." It is called 'Jetavānā-nāthapiṇda dasyārāma' in Chinese characters and is abbreviated as Jetavana. Sudatta was busy looking for a land to build a temple for Buddha and eventually found the desired land. The land owner was Prince Zeta, and he said, "I will give you the land as much as you spread gold coins here," as an expression of his polite refusal to sell it. Sudatta then really began to lay gold coins on the land, and Prince Zeta was surprised and stopped him. Eventually Jetavana was built on this land, and it became the place that Sakyamuni stayed for the longest in his living years, naturally becoming a holy place.

在设计的过程中，我想把寺庙规划成一种现代生活方式，接受古老的方式和佛教的教义。另外，善(禅)中心的首座大和尚也相当希望回归佛教的原始价值。为了恢复释迦牟尼在坐禅时注释和宣扬的佛教基本精神，这种精神是设计Jetavana善导（禅）中心的最大基础。

In the course of design, I wanted to plan the temple for a modern lifestyle, embracing the old ways and Buddhist doctrines. Also, the head monk of Seon (Zen) Center was quite intent on returning to the original values of Buddhism. To restore the Buddhist basic spirit that Sakyamuni annotated and preached while sitting in Jetavana, this spirit was the biggest foundation for designing Jetavana Seon (Zen) Center.

这是非常古老且非常具有革新意义的想法。从这一点看，象征元祖正史遗迹的砖块是非常合适的材料。和以前的大部分寺庙一样，不是用韩屋建造，而是用混凝土结构搭建框架，用砖头来装饰衣服。而现有伽蓝(伽藍]考虑到配置的方式,前往一柱门里的路是走直线直,有三次折进去了,大地利用原来的高低,三个团造成依次务牛和生肖、居住、法堂等地放了一建筑物符合警衔。

In that sense, a brick, which symbolizes the remains of Jetavana, was an obvious choice. Unlike most traditional Korean temples, it was not built as a hanok, but we built the frames with a concrete structure and put bricks on them. But, considering the existing layout of traditional temple buildings, the path going inward through Iljumun Gate was designed to swerve three times, and by using the original elevation of the site topography, three stages were formed so that Jongmuso(temple office), Kuti, Yosache(temple house), and Buddhist sanctuary were placed according to the hierarchical order. It was a very old yet very innovative approach.

经过一年的设计期，开始施工。从搭架子、外面铺砖、地面铺砖，总共用了30万块砖。施工也用了一年的时间。在这一年的时间里，我乐此不疲地承担了监理工作，解决了一些疑难问题，打磨土地、建房、种树。就这样，这个空间完成了，在这里，"从头到尾都很愉快 "的中道精神弥漫在室内外。

After a one-year design period, the construction begun. The space was completed with a total of 300,000 bricks used on building the frames, laying bricks outside, and spreading bricks on the floor. The construction also took a year. Throughout the year, I joyfully undertook the supervision, solving some difficult problems, polishing the land, building the house, and planting trees. Thus, the space was completed, where the spirit of Middle Way “pleasant from beginning to end” pervades the house both indoors and out.