地拉那金字塔 概念设计

地拉那金字塔的施工已经开始，这是位于阿尔巴尼亚首都中心的粗暴主义纪念碑。MVRDV的设计将看到曾经是共产主义独裁者恩维尔霍查的展示品重新利用。中庭及其周围被绿化和开放，一个由咖啡馆、工作室、车间和教室组成的小社区将渗透到金字塔内部和外部的场地，阿尔巴尼亚青年将在这里免费学习各种技术科目。因此，金字塔有望成为地拉那文化生活的新中心和新生代的载体。

Construction has started on the Pyramid of Tirana, the brutalist monument in the heart of Albania’s capital city. MVRDV's design will see this crucial heritage building, once the showpiece of Communist dictator Enver Hoxha, dramatically renovated. The concrete structure will be reused, the atrium and its surroundings greened and opened, and a small village of cafes, studios, workshops, and classrooms – where Albanian youth will learn various technology subjects for free – will permeate the site, both inside and outside the pyramid itself. The Pyramid is thus expected to become a new hub for Tirana's cultural life and a carrier for the new generation.

11,835平方米的金字塔在过去有几种生活方式：最初是作为纪念恩维尔霍查的博物馆，在科索沃战争期间，它也曾作为北约的临时基地、夜总会和活动空间。对许多阿尔巴尼亚人来说，金字塔现在是战胜政权的象征。为了恢复这个日渐破败的建筑，地拉那的年轻人把它作为一个聚会场所和涂鸦的场所，他们经常在晚上爬上它，然后斜坡上滑下来。

The 11,835m2 Pyramid has had several lives in the past: originally constructed as a museum dedicated to Enver Hoxha, it has also served as a temporary base for NATO during the War in Kosovo, a nightclub, and an event space. For many Albanians the Pyramid is now the symbol of the victory over the regime. In an attempt to reclaim the deteriorating structure, the youth of Tirana have used it as a hangout and a canvas for graffiti, and often climb it at night and then – not without risk – slide down its slopes.

近年来，当局改造该建筑的计划只实现了一部分，使其内部变得杂乱无章和黑暗。MVRDV的设计将从根本上开放该建筑。下雨时，巨大的玻璃挡板将建筑关闭。以前翻新的附加物将被剥去，露出一个宽敞的内部空间。树木和其他绿色植物给这个开放的空间带来温馨的外观。包含单个房间的盒子被放置在现有结构的内部、上面和周围，这将创造一个由教室、工作室、咖啡馆和餐厅组成的村庄。非营利性教育机构TUMO地拉那将是项目的主要用户，为12至18岁的青少年提供免费的课后教育，包括软件、机器人、动画、音乐和电影等新技术。

Plans in recent years to transform the structure only partially materialized, leaving the interior cluttered and dark. MVRDV’s design will radically open up the building, which is now hermetically sealed and inaccessible. Huge glass flaps close the building when it rains. Additions from previous renovations will be stripped away to reveal a voluminous interior space. Trees and other greenery give this open space a welcoming appearance. Boxes containing individual rooms are placed inside, upon, and around the existing structure. This will create a village of classrooms, studios, cafes, and restaurants. Non-profit educational institution TUMO Tirana will be the main user of the Pyramid, providing free afterschool education for 12- to 18-year-olds in new techniques such as software, robotics, animation, music, and film.

在倾斜的混凝土梁上增加了台阶，使游客可以安全地走过这个博物馆，直接到达金字塔的顶端。其中一根横梁将被保留为一个斜坡，游客可以滑下来，这些台阶也可用于观光和临时活动，使金字塔和周围的广场恢复其作为地拉那文化生活重要中心点的功能。

Steps are added to the sloping concrete beams, making it safe for visitors to literally walk over this former museum to the country’s dictator, right to the top of the pyramid – preserving the appropriating that began with the citizens of Tirana. One of the beams will be preserved as a slope that visitors can slide down – at their own risk. These steps can also be used for sightseeing and temporary events, returning the Pyramid and the surrounding plaza to their function as an important central point for cultural life in Tirana.

▼项目概念 Concept

金字塔的改造显示了如何使一座建筑适合新的时代，同时保留其复杂的历史，并表明历史上的粗暴主义建筑是再利用的理想选择。该项目还符合联合国提出的一些可持续发展目标，它没有浪费地拆除结构，而是按照循环经济原则对其坚固的混凝土外壳进行了改造。这一原则在外部台阶的设计中得到了进一步的发展，台阶使用了原来装饰外墙的石砖作为新混凝土的骨料。由于大部分结构在一年中的大部分时间都向周围开放，只有容纳教育项目的附加箱需要进行气候控制，从而减少能源消耗。社会的可持续性在建筑的新用途中得到了推进，教育项目推进了教育，并为下一代的成功做了准备。

The transformation of the Pyramid shows how a building can be made suitable for a new era, while at the same time preserving its complex history, and demonstrates that historic brutalist buildings are ideal for reuse. The project also meets a number of the Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the United Nations. Rather than wastefully demolish the structure, its robust concrete shell is adapted along circular economy principles. This principle is further developed in the design of the exterior steps, which use the stone tiles that originally adorned the façade as aggregate in the new concrete. As the majority of the structure is open to the surroundings for most of the year, only the added boxes housing the educational program need to be climate-controlled, reducing energy consumption. Social sustainability is advanced in the building’s new use, with the educational programme advancing education and preparing the next generation for success.

▼施工现场  Construction process

Project Name: The Pyramid of Tirana

Location: Tirana, Albania

Year: 2018+

Client: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF)

Size and Programme: 11,835m2 - educational facility

Architect: MVRDV

Founding Partner in charge: Winy Maas

Partner: Stefan de Koning

Design Team: Ronald Hoogeveen, Angel Sanchez Navarro, Boris Tikvarski, Stavros Gargaretas, Leo Stuckardt, Guido Boeters Visualisations: Antonio Luca Coco, Luca Piattelli, Jaroslaw Jeda, Luana La Martina, Gianlorenzo Petrini

Strategy and Development: Willeke Vester, Daan van Gool

Images: © MVRDV

Copyright: MVRDV 2021 – (Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries, Frans de Witte, Fokke Moerel, Wenchian Shi, Jan Knikker)

Partners: Albanian-American Development Foundation (AADF), Municipality of Tirana Education Partner: TUMO Tirana