X 住宅

公司：	Cadaval & Solà-Morales	类型：	建筑
地区：	西班牙	标签：	别墅私宅

项目X House的目的是通过设计的定义，语言，甚至是独特的形式，来解决我们在场地上遇到的一些问题。怎样才能保存和突出位于场地顶部的一棵给人留下深刻印象的松树，让人们能够从街道上进出房屋，让人们能够很好地了解房屋的全貌？怎样才能避免决定是看海还是看山，让两种景观都看向相反的方向？怎样才能以形式来消除相邻建筑的存在，建立自己的隐私？怎样才能优化主要的景观，使房屋前后都能有高质量的正面景观？怎样才能通过一个简单的动作来处理如此多的优先事项？回答所有的优先问题，而不是优先回答问题，或者是对任何一个问题做出明确的反应，这是一种独特的形式，它是在一个漫长的过程中，为每个挑战寻找单个答案的结果；因此，项目并不是一种先验的形式，而是在设计过程中为了满足每个出现的问题而作出的一种统一的反应。

The X House project aims to solve by the definition of a system, language, or even through a unique form, a number of inquiries that rise up when we read the specific given site: how to protect and give protagonism to an impressive pine, that is located on the top of the site, and that makes access and approximation to the house extremely complex from the street; how to avoid deciding between the views to the sea and those to the mountains, and allow both visions in opposite directions; how to neutralize through form the presence of the contiguous constructions, to build up a fake isolation that denies the neighbours; how to double the main views, permitting quality frontal views from the front and the rear of the house; how to resolve so many a priories with a simple movement that answers to all of the previous aims without prioritizing nor explicitly formulating a response to any of them. The form, a unique form, is the result of a long process of search of individual answers to each of those challenges; thus, the form is not an a priori, but an effort to give a unitary response that satisfies each of the questions rose up in the design process.

©Sandra Pereznieto

©Iwan Baan

项目X House也是一种建设性的探索：一种经常用于桥梁和隧道等基础设施建设的技术，在这里被开发出来，以满足建筑规模的需要，目的是将效率和降低成本纳入到建设中。使用基于高密度混凝土的混合技术，可以将材料以高压力投射到单面模板上，并在极短的时间内获得高结构的抗力。因此，可以在不使用双面模板（常规施工程序）的情况下，可以连续铸造6米高的墙体。因此，该房屋是特定技术的活生生的表现，并在其上积累了在施工过程中获得的各种持续知识。

The X House is also a constructive exploration: a technique regularly used for the infrastructural construction such as bridges and tunnels, is here developed to meet the architectural scale, aiming to incorporate efficiency, and reduction of costs to the construction. The use of a mixed technique based on the application of a high-density concrete allows projecting the material at a high pressure to a single-sided formwork, and to acquire high structural resistance in extremely short periods of time. Thus, it is possible to project continuous 6m high walls without the need to use a two-sided formwork (which would be the regular construction procedure). The house is therefore a living expression of the specific technique, and accumulates in its skin the diverse and continuous knowledge acquired within the process of construction.

©Iwan Baan

©Sandra Pereznieto

©Iwan Baan

项目位于巴塞罗那市郊，在卡布里尔斯的一座小山上。从位于地块顶部的一条街道进入，场地上拥有非凡的景观与惊人的坡度。因此，住宅定位是最小化挖掘与优化空间，尽可能利用非占用土地。住宅通道距离街道只有两米，该项目通过使用空墙，将项目建立在场地之上并从街道中“消失”；首先，明确优先考虑立面和俯瞰山谷的景观。这房子是双层的。除停车场和住宅开放外，顶层还设计了业主的私人套房：主卧，配有梳妆台、卫生间/厕所以及宽敞的工作室。这所房子的前面和后面在低层有明显的区别；前面的特点是完全开放和公开，在两个高度的空间里建了一个起居室，周围是一张8米长的大理石桌子，周围是厨房和餐厅。下层是房间和服务区域，透过天井可以直接看到山谷、海洋和山脉。

The house is located on the upper part of a hill in Cabrils, in the outskirts of Barcelona. The site, with remarkable views and an important slope, is accessed from a single street located at the top of the site. The location of the house within the site responds to the aim to minimize excavation and optimize, within possible, the use of the non-occupied land. The access to the house is two meters depressed from the street, and the project searches to empathise through the use of blank walls the desire to be anchored in the site and to disappear from the street; the project clearly prioritizes the façades and views overseeing the valley. The house has two floors. The top floor, beyond incorporating a parking and allowing the access to the house, is conceived as a private suite of the owners: main room, with dresser and washroom / toilet, and spacious studio. In the lower floor there is a clear distinction between the front and the rear of the house; the front part has a totally open and public nature, build up with a living area in a double high space next to a kitchen-dining room articulated around a significant marble table, 8m long. The rear part of the lower floor holds the rooms and service areas, which through the patios are given direct and protected views to the valley, the sea and the mountain.

©Sandra Pereznieto

©Iwan Baan

©Santiago Garces

©Sandra Pereznieto

项目X House住宅项目以形态为主体，对不同性质的空间进行限定，并赋予其个性景观。除住宅前有效的空间布置外，每个空间都以视野为中心。从Dan Graham的映像中了解到，海的影像总是在观察山的时候出现，而山则在观察海的时候作为反射，这是一种能丰富居所体验的敏锐特性

Mainly, the project of the X House uses form to qualify spaces of very different nature and provide them with an individual character, always incorporating landscape as a main actor. Beyond the effective spatial arrangement at the front of the house, the views are the protagonist in each space. And learning from Dan Graham’s reflections, the image of the sea is always present when observing the mountain, and the mountain appears as a reflection when looking at the sea: a perceptive quality that enriches the experience of the house