巴伊亚之家,Bahia House

公司：	Studio Mk27	类型：	建筑 \| 景观
地区：	巴西	标签：	别墅私宅 \| 庭院花园

巴伊亚之家是一座生态住宅。然而，不是从技术意义上，也不是从当代“可持续性”一词的角度来看，它没有最新的高科技小工具，这些小工具可以优化电力支出。平面布局的组织和材料的使用接近传统建筑的方式。巴伊亚之家利用了在巴西建筑历史中一直存在并被重新创造和融入的古老的民间知识。这座房子之所以被认为是如此，是因为它的位置，是因为它所在的气候，是巴伊亚的气候。而为了实现这一点，没有使用“绿色”软件，也没有进行任何设备和计算。

The Bahia House is an ecological house. But, not in the technological sense, not in the contemporary sense of the word “sustainability”, it does not have the very latest state-of-the-art gadgets that make it possible to optimize electric expenditure. The organization of the floor plan and the use of materials come close to those of traditional architecture. The Bahia House makes use of the old popular knowledge that has been reinvented and incorporated throughout the history of Brazilian architecture. The house was considered for where it is, for the climate of where it is, for Bahia. And, for this no “green” software was used, no equipment and no calculations were made.

巴伊亚传统房屋的建筑师早就知道如何在骄阳下（即使温度超过40摄氏度）保持室内的凉爽，甚至在勒·柯布西耶（Le Corbusier）的理念被热带化之前，甚至在诺曼·福斯特爵士（Sir Norman Foster）为可持续建筑赋予了明确的、技术的和科学的维度之前。

The builders of bahian traditional houses have long-known how to keep interiors cool even with a blazing sun of more than 40ºC, long before the corbusian ideas had been tropicalized or even before Sir Norman Foster had given a precise, technological and scientific dimension to sustainable architecture.

这些巴伊亚房屋的屋顶使用普通的粗糙制作的黏土材料，而天花板则采用木质。门窗采用由葡萄牙殖民建筑自美洲领土被占领的第一个世纪以来引入巴西的大型木制Mashrabiyas面板，其起源受到阿拉伯文化的影响。这些木制面板为室内提供了广泛的舒适度。传统的巴伊亚房屋利用从海上吹来的东北风来组织平面布局，并在其主要空间中实现了横向通风，始终保持室内凉爽通风。

These bahian houses have roofs of clay, a banal material made in a rustic manner, and wooden ceilings. The openings have large panels of wooden Mashrabiyas brought to Brazil by the Portuguese colonial architecture since the first centuries of its occupation of the American territories, and its origin is of an Arabian cultural influence. These wooden panels provide vast comfort to the interior. The traditional bahian house uses the northeastern wind blowing in from the sea to organize the floor plan and has cross ventilation in its principal spaces, always making the interior cool and airy.

巴伊亚之家运用了所有这些对巴西房屋传统的元素。葡萄牙房屋对热带气候的调整一直是巴西现代主义所研究和应用的。在这种情况下的结果是一座非常宜人的房子，室内能够保护居民免受炎热和阳光普照的室外气候的影响。

The Bahia House uses all these elements that are traditional to Brazilian houses. These adjustments of the Portuguese house to a tropical climate were always studied and applied by modernism in Brazil. The result in this case is a very pleasant house, where the interior protects from the hot and sunny climate outdoors.

平面图完全围绕着一个中央庭院展开，实现了所有空间的横向通风，并且提供了面向草地花园和两棵茂盛芒果树的景致。巴伊亚之家重视居住者的环境舒适度，但并未利用“最先进的技术”来实现这一点。

The floor plan is entirely organized around a central patio, making the cross ventilation in all the spaces possible and a view that looks in, to a grassed garden and two exuberant mango trees. The Bahia House privileges the environmental comfort of its dwellers but does not make use of the “most modern technology” for this.