橄榄小径：湖边阶梯

卢加诺市的Gandria区位于蒙特布雷山脚下的切雷西奥湖岸边，是古老的渔民和农民聚居区。这是一处风景如画的地区，被列入ISOS清单（瑞士受保护住区清单）上。今天，由于其特殊的地理环境和历史文化背景， Gandria 具有了重要的旅游意义。

The current Gandria district of the City of Lugano is an ancient settlement of fishermen and farmers, on the shore of Lake Ceresio at the foot of Monte Brè. It is a characteristic and picturesque location, inscribed on the ISOS list (Inventory of Swiss Settlements to be Protected). Today Gandria has an important tourist importance thanks to its particular geographical situation and its spatial qualities.

Gandria以自古以来就种有庄稼和干石墙为特征的人文景观。大量的资料证明， 300年以来，在Gandria就已经有橄榄种植。但在1951年， Gandria的区中心才与1936年建成的国际公路相连。Gandria地区有一个停车场，该停车场建于70年代，毗邻连接意大利卢加诺（Lugano）与波列扎（Pollezza）的州道。停车场和湖泊之间的高度差为54米，我们设计了一个从停车场和通往湖边的“橄榄小径”。

The landscape of Gandria is characterized by terracing with crops and dry stone walls since ancient times.Numerous sources testify that the cultivation of olives in Gandria has been present since the '300.Only in 1951 the core of Gandria was connected to the international road built in 1936. The Gandria district is equipped with a parking lot that was built in the seventies next to the cantonal road that connects Lugano to Porlezza, in Italy. Between the car park and the lake there is a difference in height of 54 meters. The parking area and the stairway leading down to the lake are the doors to the olive path.

与Oikos环境咨询和工程工作室团队合作开发的Gandria湖上的楼梯布置，符合“橄榄小径”的更广泛的再开发原则，整个项目涉及对众多橄榄树的改良以及穿越城镇的人行道的布置，将种植橄榄树的不同梯田地区连接起来。

The arrangement of the stairway at Lake Gandria fits into the wider redevelopment project of the olive path developed in a team with the Oikos environmental consulting and engineering studio. The overall project involves the enhancement of the numerous olive trees and the arrangement of the pedestrian path that crosses the town, connecting different terraced areas cultivated with olive trees.

在进行设计干预之前，沿着墓地延伸并与上述停车区相连的楼梯是混凝土制成的，存放条件差，扶手和栏杆不在规范范围内。该项目提议建造一个新的楼梯，该楼梯具有巨大的石阶，该石阶使用先前阶的胎面作为铺设表面。

Before the intervention, the stairway that runs along the cemetery and connected with the above parking area was made of concrete and was in poor storage conditions, the handrails and railings were out of the norm. The project proposed the construction of a new staircase with massive stone steps that use the treads of the previous steps as laying surfaces.

楼梯的高度差超过14.4米，有72个台阶和5个平台。新的石阶是在卢加诺市的石匠车间使用古老的石阶建造的。楼梯的所有台阶都具有“生活的痕迹”，它们来自不同的地方，具有不同类型的轮廓，并且具有不同类型的石材，我们保留了它们使用的痕迹。平台由使用过的旧板制成，栏杆由天然氧化的生铁制成，立柱用两个夹子将石头固定在平坦的石头上，然后用由粗糙的波浪网面板固定。

The staircase exceeds a height difference of 14.4 meters and has 72 steps and 5 landings. The new stone steps were manufactured in the stonemason's workshop of the city of Lugano using ancient steps that were deposited there. All the steps of the staircase have already had a "previous life" and come from different places, have different types of profiles and are of different types of stone. The traces of their use have been kept in view. The landings are made with unique pieces, also made from old slabs already used. The parapets were made of raw iron with a natural oxidized finish. The uprights are flat in stone with two clamps, panels are then fixed with panels made with a full round and rounded corners, the panel infill is made of rough wavy mesh.

▼平面图

▼剖面图

▼节点构造

设计单位：Enrico Sassi

网站：https://www.enricosassi.ch/

客户：卢加诺市

工作管理：Enrico Sassi

合作者：艾琳•卢卡（Irene Lucca），罗伯塔•布拉西（Roberta Blasi），马可•马里奥蒂（Marco Mariotti），亚历山德罗•阿梅里尼（Alessandro Armellini）

环境工程师：Oikos

摊铺：LS Pavimentazioni SA（楼梯）

铁匠：Bernasconi Renato SA

石材供应商：卢加诺市石匠实验室

承包商：Pedrazzini Costruzioni SA（修复公墓墙）

项目开始时间：2016年-完成时间：2019年

摄影：阿尔贝托•卡内帕（Alberto Canepa），马塞洛•维拉达（Marcelo Villada）

Client: Municipality of Lugano

Architect: Enrico Sassi 

Work management: Enrico Sassi

Collaborators: Irene Lucca, Roberta Blasi, Marco Mariotti, Alessandro Armellini

Environmental engineer: Oikos

Paving: LS Pavimentazioni SA (staircase)

Blacksmith:Bernasconi Renato SA

Stone supplier: Stonemasons laboratory, City of Lugano

Contractor:Pedrazzini Costruzioni SA (restoration cemetery wall) 

Project start: 2016 - Completion: 2019

Photographs: Alberto Canepa, Marcelo Villada