阿布扎比Flamingo游客中心

公司：	petrjanda/brainwork	类型：	建筑
地区：	阿联酋	标签：	文化空间

设计思路

主要思路是在项目的各层将游客中心与保护区的自然环境联系起来，创造一个自主的环境，具有鲜明的特征。利用材料和形状的模仿，将建筑的外观与保护区的环境有机地联系起来。它看起来非常古老，同时又具有现代感甚至未来感。它与自然界的有机和无机成分之间的自然联系一起工作，这不仅渗透到建筑的技术部分（冷却和冷凝系统），而且还渗透到所有的展览和教学策略（外墙的生活部分、水元素和室内生物体）。各个操作部分平滑地连接成一个相互交织的连续的平面图，创造了大量令人惊讶的情况，实现了复杂的印象，并在小范围内自发地将信息传递给游客。该建筑被设计成一个游客中心，包含一个小型博物馆的元素，重点是火烈鸟筑巢，允许展览和项目扩展（受胡萝卜素影响的活体形式的具体内容，部分活体展示形成小型生物圈）。

Idea

The main idea is to connect the visitor centre with the reserve’s nature at all levels of the project. To create an autonomous environment with the distinct genius loci. Using material and shape mimicry, the building organically connects its appearance with the environment of the reserve. It looks very old and, at the same time, contemporary or even futuristic. It works with the natural connection between the organic and inorganic components of nature, which permeates not only the technical part of the building (cooling and condensation system) but also all exhibition and didactic strategies (living parts of the facades, water elements and indoor life organisms). The smooth connection of individual operation sections into an intertwined continuous floor plan creates a large number of surprising situations achieving a complex impression and spontaneous transfer of information to visitors on a small area. The building is designed as a visitor centre containing elements of a small museum with emphasis on flamingo nesting, allowing exhibition and program expansion (specifics of live forms influenced by carotenoid, partially live displays forming small biotopes).

建筑设计与空间配置

建筑的空间布置以O型和S型交织的构图为基础，平面呈圆形，自然地引导游客穿过其褶皱，并逐渐打开建筑的各个亮点项目及其与保护区的互动。该建筑刻意不采用二维平面图。事实上，它更多的是对三维自然世界及其自然优雅的赞美。动态的曲线排列和连续的造型，使建筑周围无障碍移动，并对游客的感知进行无限多样的调控。将外部融合到一个有阴影的前庭和内部，几乎没有结构上的衔接，使物体具有永恒性。从远处看，当参观者到达建筑时，他们开始探索这个物体，尽管它具有标志性的特征，但它似乎与地形融为一体。建筑物利用我们从小就习惯阅读的自然现象的暗示（如云层中的图像）与观察者的想象力合作。因此，建筑通过形状、材料和零碎的指示，间接地、潜移默化地提到了它的内涵。因此，所产生的形式并不是明确的地貌或变焦，它可以被看作是对沉睡的火烈鸟的形态以及阿拉伯沙漠中的岩层的引用，其显著的分层被侵蚀揭示。设计强调以鸟瞰的方式来表现与火烈鸟及其迁徙和飞行有关的主题。该建筑属于少数几个从空中俯瞰的物体，是它们阅读的一部分（在设计过程中，我们咨询了鸟类学家和鸟类摄影师关于鸟类行为和鸟类对建筑外观和环境变化的可能反应，一个有机形状的地标似乎有利于它们的定位）。

Architectural design, spatial configuration

The spatial arrangement of the building is based on an O and S-shape intertwined composition with a circular floor plan, which naturally leads visitors through its folds and gradually opens the individual highlights of the building’s program and its interaction with the reserve. The building deliberately does not work with two-dimensional floor plans. In fact, it is more of a celebration of a three-dimensional natural world and its natural elegance. The dynamic curve arrangement and continuous shaping enables barrier-free movement around the building and infinitely diverse modulation of visitors' perception. Blending of exterior into a shaded forecourt and interior almost without a structurally articulated interface gives the object its timelessness. View from a distance while arriving at the building initiates visitors into exploring the object, which, despite its iconic character, seems to merge with the terrain. The building works with the observer’s imagination using hints of natural phenomena that we have been used to reading since childhood (such as images in the clouds). The building thus refers to its connotations indirectly and subliminally through shape, material and fragmentary indications. The resulting form is thus not unequivocally geomorphic or zoomorphic, it can be seen as references to the morphology of a sleeping flamingo as well as to rock formations in the Arabian desert with their significant stratification revealed by erosion. The design uses emphasis on bird's eye view with regard to the topic associated with flamingos and their migration and flying. The building belongs to a few objects where the view from the air is part of their reading (during the design process we consulted ornithologists and bird photographers on birds behaviour and possible reaction of birds to the appearance of the building and environmental change, and a landmark with organic shape seems to be beneficial for their orientation).

空间内容

游客移动的策略是基于逐步探索和揭示建筑及其内容(类似于整个保护区的探索)。建筑没有被划分为单独的房间，游客可以通过几个相互连接的区域移动，这些区域包含所有必需的功能，并由技术和组织空间进行补充，对游客来说是不可访问的。从停车场进入建筑，通过屋顶，屋顶上有一个湖(粉红色的湖生态小区)，通过透明的底部照亮了下面建筑的主大厅。通过一个渐变的坡道，游客通过建筑体量旋转管之间的褶皱到达一个悬浮的悬挑遮蔽阳光的观景台，这个悬挑包含了展示区和保护区的主要视点。梯田与保护区被一个由水元素形成的海湾隔开，该海湾中含有保护区特有的微生物。我们的方案将展览内容考虑得更加复杂，并使用特定的保护区环境来勾勒出更大的图景，展示类胡萝卜素(火烈鸟、水、甲壳类动物、植物、藻类)和其他可能的主题影响颜色变化的原则。该展览被设想为与植物和水族馆的部分生活，有助于保持不同湿度的宜人气候。在展览过程中，参观者可以到达展览管的最高处，通过宽阔的全景窗口可以最大限度地看到保护区的景色。另一个用于区分游客活动的原则是将游客中心的庇护区域(室内和遮荫的露台)划分为保护区和露天停车场周围的活动区域。

Dramaturgy and program content

The strategy of the visitor's movement is based on the gradual exploring and revealing of the building and its contents (similarly to the entire reserve exploration). The building is not divided into individual rooms and visitors move through several interconnected sectors that contain all the required functions, and are supplemented by technical and organizational spaces and complements inaccessible to visitors. From the car park, access to the building leads through the roof, on which there is a lake (pink lake biotope) illuminating through the transparent bottom the main hall of the building below. Using a gradual ramp, visitors descend through a fold between the rotating tubes of the building's volume to an observation terrace shaded from the sun by a levitating overhang - a tube containing the display area and the main viewpoint of the reserve. The terrace is separated from the reserve by a bay formed by a water element with a saltwater biotope containing microorganisms specific to the reserve. Our proposal sees the exhibition content as more complex and uses the specific reserve environment to outline the methodology in a bigger picture, showing the principles of colour changes affected by carotenoid (flamingos, water, crustacean, plants, algae) and other possible topics. The exhibition is conceived as partially live with the plants and aquariums that help to maintain a pleasant climate with different humidity. Proceeding in the exhibition, visitors get to the culminating height point of the exhibition tube, which allows a maximum view of the reserve through a wide panoramic window. Another principle used to separate movement of visitors is a division into a sheltered area of the visitor centre (interior and shaded terraces) and movement around the reserve and parking area in the open air.

初步结构概念和施工方法

该建筑的结构是由喷砂处理的彩色混凝土浇铸而成的隔热夹层。使用的材料本身提供了一个关于材料、颜色、质地和结构的教学层，而活的生物层则对其进行补充并参与冷却。浇筑混凝土混合物的技术过程将分层进行，其结果是使人联想到阿拉伯沙漠中的岩层，强调粉红色-红色混凝土的层次，参考火烈鸟的类胡萝卜素颜色变化。单个的层次将被浇铸到40厘米的高度，以便突出 "地质 "的纹理。在浇筑过程中，各层混凝土将被着色。

Description of preliminary structural concept and construction method

The building’s structure is an insulated sandwich made of cast and torcreted coloured concrete finished with sandblasting. The used material itself offers a didactic layer regarding the material, its colour, texture and structure, and the live organisms layer, which complements it and participates in cooling. The technological process of pouring the concrete mixture will be carried out in layers with the resulting effect of a characteristic appearance reminiscent of rock formations in the Arabian desert, emphasizing the layers of the coloured pink-red concrete referring to carotenoid colour changes in flamingos. The individual layers will be cast up to the height of 40 cm so that the "geological" graining is highlighted. The individual layers will be coloured during concreting.

技术

本设计在积极利用热量分布的基础上，采用了一种创新的方案，利用昼夜温差，将两层冷却剂分布(液体)集成到建筑物的内、外壳体中。白天，室内回路供给冷却水，冷却整个建筑混凝土外壳内壳，通过间接蒸发冷却的方式，以适合展览内部植物层的自然湿度效果，保证整个室内的宜人冷却。夜间，白天从内部系统中加热的水被抽到建筑外壳表面以下的外循环中，温度较高的水被夜间冷气冷却。建筑物表面的冷凝水还可以浇灌生长在建筑表面的地衣。利用智能循环，在保持愉快的全表面冷却效果的同时，大大降低了运行成本。结合可控的空气循环和最大限度的回收，它在建筑内创造了一个非常舒适和环保的可持续气候，并显著地节约了能源（全电气化系统），对环境的碳足迹最小。

Technology

The design uses an innovative solution for the entire building based on the active use of heat distribution using two layers of coolant distribution (liquid) integrated into the shell of the inner and outer shell of the building, which use the temperature difference during the day and night. During the day, the indoor circuit is supplied with cooling water, which cools the entire inner shell of the concrete shell of the building and ensures pleasant cooling of the entire interior by indirect evaporative cooling with the effect of natural humidity suitable for the inner plant layer of the exhibition. During the night, the water heated during the day from the internal system is pumped into the outer circuit below the surface of the building shell, where the warmer water is cooled by night cooling air. The condensation on the building’s surface also waters lichens growing on the building surface. Using the smart circulation, it significantly reduces the operational costs while keeping a pleasant full surface cooling effect. Combined with controlled air circulation with maximum recuperation, it creates a very pleasant and environmentally sustainable climate in the building with significant saving of energy (fully electrified system) with minimal carbon footprint in the environment.

有生命机体概念

“活的建筑”的概念是利用植物与生物群落相连接，这些生物群落由建筑的各个部分直接创建。建筑的表面将覆盖着地衣，地衣是由夜晚表面凝结在温暖建筑外壳上的水珠滋养的。随着时间的推移，地衣会在视觉上改变建筑物的颜色，就像火烈鸟的颜色会随着食物摄取量和它所含的类胡萝卜素而发生变化一样。原本粉红色的层状混凝土将变成浅红色，突出建筑的有机形式。整个室内展览采用了一种活的植物系统，结合了草层(布谷苔草、芒属植物‘火烈鸟’等)、高级芦苇和攀登者，辅以地衣层和火山口陈列柜中当地的小型水族馆生境，它们是通过类似火烈鸟筑巢的方法生长到地板上的。第三层包括位于两个不同版本的高盐度咸水湖的水生物群落，其中含有杜氏盐藻、cutirubrum盐杆菌以及高浓度的甲壳类动物、蒿类、盐水虾和其他有机培养物。它们位于访客入口区域，与自然保护区分隔开来，并位于建筑的屋顶上，透明的底部确保光线进入大厅。

Life organisms concept

The concept of a live building uses plants connected to biotopes that are created directly by individual parts of the building. The surface of the building will be covered with lichens Xanthoria elegans nourished by the night surface condensation on the warm building’s shell. Lichens will visually transform the building over time in colour shades the same way the colour of flamingo changes depending on the food intake and the carotenoids it contains. The originally pinkish layered concrete will get light red accents highlighting the organic form of the building. The entire indoor exhibition uses a live plant system combining the layers of grasses (Carex buchananii, Miscanthus sinensis 'FLAMINGO', etc.), higher reed and climbers, supplemented with lichen layers and local small aquarium biotopes in crater showcases grown into the floor using the method similar to building nests by flamingos. The third layer includes water biotopes located in two different versions of saltwater lakes with high salinity containing Dunaliella salina, Halobacterium cutirubrum in combination with high concentrations of crustaceans Artemia brine prawn and other organic cultures. These are located in the visitor's entrance area separating it from the nature reserve and on the roof of the building with the transparent bottom ensuring the distribution of light into the main hall.