布拉格滨水公共空间的修复与复兴

公司：	petrjanda/brainwork	类型：	景观
地区：	捷克共和国	标签：	滨水空间 \| 旧改项目 \| 广场空间 \| 街道改造

项目已经持续了10年。我们在2009年共同发起，作为布拉格河滨地区的方案和建筑振兴，该地区被建成码头和转运点。在2002年的洪水之后，该地区被荒废，被用作停车场。通过逐步的项目激活，我们实现了文化和社会的复兴，随后也实现了建筑的修复。

The project has been built for 10 years. We co-initiated it in 2009 as a program and architectural revitalization of the Prague riverfront area that was built as a quay and transhipment point. The area was deserted after the 2002 floods and used as a car park. By gradual program activation, we have achieved cultural and social revival, and subsequently, architectural rehabilitation.

城市背景

布拉格的滨河区是一个具有全城意义的公共空间，使公共空间与城市的“脊梁”，伏尔塔瓦河形成了独特的共生关系。在岸边规范的部分，滨河建筑成为河道脊髓的骨架，它通过堤岸的各个“椎体”支撑起城市的骨架系统，而构成其身体的整个城市结构就挂在这个结构上。这个结构不应该是僵硬的、装裱的、纪念性的遗迹，而应该在建筑和内容真实性的基础上，让全布拉格意义的流动和文化生活。在我们的活化中，我们启动了这一层，并在孔洞的开放和其内容之间创造了一种基于与外部独特接触的功能张力，与河流直接关系的和从堤岸的上层与城市的二次连接之间的张力。我们以一种特有的方法来处理空间细节；我们的干预措施与有意义的（感官）片段形成对比，同时，以同样的原则来补充整体，就像眼睛补充脸部一样；它是它的传感器，也是它不可分割的一部分。

Urban context

Prague’s riverfront area is a public space of city-wide significance, enabling a unique symbiosis of public space with the spinal cord of the city: the Vltava River. In the regulated part of the banks, the riverfront architecture becomes the backbone for the river spinal cord, which, through the individual "vertebrae" of the embankments, holds the skeletal system of the city on which the entire urban structure forming its body is hung. This skeleton should not be stiff, mounted and petrified as a monumental relic, but should allow the flowing and cultural life of all-Prague significance based on architectural and content authenticity. In our revitalization, we initiate this layer and create a functional tension between the opening of the vaults and their content based on unique contact with the exterior, the tension between the “splendid isolation” of the immediate relationship with the river and the secondary connection to the city from the upper level of the embankment. We work with a characteristic approach to spatial detail; our interventions contrast, and at the same time, complement the whole with meaningful (sensory) fragments with the same principle as the eye complements the face; it is its sensor, as well as an integral part.

河滨区沿着布拉格的三条河堤延伸， Rašín, Hořejší 与 Dvořák，长近4公里。已完成的一期工程是1989年革命后布拉格在公共空间的最大投资，也是第一个此类项目，具有巨大的社会文化影响。它的重点是重建河边墙壁上的20个地窖（原为冰库）。这些地窖没有创造内向的内部空间，而是与外部融为一体，最大限度地与滨河地区和河流接触。

The vast revitalized riverfront area stretches along the three Prague embankments: Rašín, Hořejší and Dvořák, almost 4 km in length. The completed first phase is Prague's largest investment in public space after the revolution in 1989, the first of this kind, and with great sociocultural impact. It focused on the reconstruction of 20 vaults in the riverside wall (originally ice storage areas). Instead of creating classic interiors, the vaults are merged with the exterior with maximum contact with the riverfront area and the river.

项目功能

地窖将作为咖啡馆、俱乐部、工作室、工作室、画廊、图书馆分馆、邻居会议空间和公共厕所。设计采用模块化的多样性，空间被设计成一个个实用的空间，包括许多对外开放的商铺以及一个可以移动到不同位置的酒吧。每一个地窖内做过详细的调研，其中包含了各个租户可以操作的空间范围，强调每个地窖的调整可能性，使其通过每个租户的设备与其座位家具和内部元素获得一致的完整性。我们全力为租户提供支持，保留建筑背景，允许不同的意见。虽然这通常也意味着不同的建筑敏感性，但我们相信这将通过另一层补充我们的基本地窖设计。大部分共同创造了滨河区现象的租户将会继续留在那里，新的项目将通过公开竞争中从一系列设计方案中挑选出来。我们相信它们将成功补充该滨江区域，并提供各种内容和理念，满足所有社会需求。

Program

The vaults will serve as cafes, clubs, studios, workshops, galleries, a library branch, space for neighbour meetings and public toilets. The architectural design works with modular diversity, the spaces are designed as a detailed base that includes all operational and technical facilities and a bar that can be moved to different positions. There is a user’s manual that contains the identification of the individual tenants and the addition of built-in elements (the insertion of floors into large vaults, exterior bar, etc.) Emphasis is placed on the possible adjustment of each of the vaults so that they gain consistent integrity through the equipment of each tenant with their seating furniture and interior elements. As architects, we supervise the individual adjustments so that the basic vision of the area is preserved, while achieving authenticity for each tenant. We try to be support for the tenants and stay in the background architecturally, allowing a diversity of opinions. Although this often means different architectural sensitivity, we believe this will complement our basic vault design through another layer. Most of the tenants who co-created the phenomenon of the riverfront area will continue there and new projects have been selected from a whole spectrum of plans in an open public competition. We believe they will socially complement the riverfront area and offer various content and program concepts that will cater to all needs. As part of the architectural revitalization, we initiated the creation of a program methodology for the riverfront area. The position of curator was created to complement the functional triangle of manager–architect–curator, with an authority overseeing the cultural and social quality of this valuable public space.

建筑设计

设计干预与河边墙体的原有建筑共生融合，自然而然地融为一体；通过各种调整，重新创造一个不朽的整体，目的是以最大限度的开放墙内空间，实现与滨河区域最直接的联系。建筑设计顺应了当地的环境，用最小的人工干预，使现有的问题得以清除，并从堤岸的环境中找到新的相互联系的可能性。

Architectural design

The interventions symbiotically merge with the original architecture of the riverside wall, into which they naturally fuse; by using the acupuncture strategy, they re-create a monumental whole. The aim is the most direct connection with the riverfront area with the maximum opening of the spaces inside the wall. The architectural design responds to the context of the place and works with minimal artistic means that allow purging of the existing shapes and relations and finding new interconnection views and possibilities arising from the environment of the embankment.

Rašín路上的六个拱顶是按照现有开口上部几乎呈圆弧形建造的。设计本身是基于微小的干预而进行的，从而创造出独特的境遇和机遇。我们拆除了原来的弹性金属幕墙和建在河滨墙原始桥拱中的石材结构，取而代之的是通过框架内对角旋转打开的大型玻璃圆窗。入口设计为非钢框架，带有重量为1-1.5吨的膨胀椭圆玻璃。现有入口的拱形石砌衬砌按照之前的台阶暗示完成，并用台阶状石块砌成，这些台阶隐藏了安装井，空调通风孔和防洪控制元件。由7cm厚，直径5.5m的有机玻璃制成的椭圆形旋转窗重约2.5吨。每个都具有独特的形状，并且由于其尺寸超过了标准的玻璃窗，这些可能是世界上最大的枢轴窗。打开和关闭由发动机提供动力。为了操作内部空间，窗户固定在其开口的60％位置。其他选项是通过运动检测传感器自动打开，也可以由酒吧人员打开。 Hořejší路堤上的14个拱顶具有弯曲的钢制入口，弯曲成门框，打开后将拱顶与整个空间的河岸区域连接起来。在带有公共厕所的保险库中，入口的机翼沿着光滑的弧线进入内膜，从而将内腔与公共区域隔开。

The six vaults on the Rašín Embankment are built following the almost circular arc of the upper part of the existing openings. The design itself is based on a tiny intervention, which takes more than it adds and brings the existing quality back in a contemporary way, creating a unique situation and opportunity. The former stretch metal curtain wall and stone constructions built into the original bridge arches of the riverfront wall were knocked down and replaced with large-format glazed round windows that open by diagonal rotation inside the frame. The entrance portals are designed as atypical steel frames with dilated elliptic glass weighing 1–1.5t. The stone arched linings of the existing portals are completed with stone stepped volumes following the former steps allusion, which hide the installation shaft, air-conditioning vent and anti-flood control elements. The elliptical pivoting windows made of organic glass 7cm thick and 5.5m in diameter weigh approximately 2.5t. Each has a unique shape and, due to their size exceeding the standard glazing, these are probably the largest pivot windows in the world. Opening and closing is engine powered. For the operation of the inner spaces, the windows are fixed in the position of 60% of its opening. Other options are automatic opening with motion-detecting sensors, or they can be opened by the bar staff. The fourteen vaults on the Hořejší Embankment have steel sculptural entrances curved into the jamb in such a way that they connect the vault with the riverfront area in the entire space when opened. In the vaults with public toilets, the entrance wings follow a smooth arc into the interior membrane separating the cabins from the public area.

结构与材料

在重建期间，所有内置元素（包括地板）都被拆除并使用将新建筑物插入原始空间的方法来构建。制作了带有抽水坑的防洪加固基础平板，防止了水的渗入，对墙进行了隔热处理，并用承重钢筋上的混凝土浇筑完成，从而巩固了拱顶的几何形状。内置隔断被混凝土浇筑成整体式钢筋混凝土，并带有插入式安装。对于所有类型的空间，保险库中各个元素的设计和材料都是统一的。墙壁和天花板的表面设计为喷砂混凝土，并具有铸混凝土地板和整体式楼梯。舱口和门的表面要与墙壁和地板的相邻表面相对应（公共厕所拱顶中的喷砂和浇铸混凝土以及浸渍黑钢）。门不带有隐藏式自动关闭装置。在拱形空间中，用于悬挂展览的内置插件被插入表面。横杆和隔板的插入部分被覆盖在黑色钛涂层不锈钢板中，通过反射来补充拱顶的空间几何形状，并通过反射的不断波动运动，使河流内部的流体难以理解。照明使用公共厕所中的坡道设计，作为嵌在钢壁中的间接照明，并从天花板反射光。

Structure and materials

During the reconstruction, all built-in elements, including floors, were demolished and built using a method of insertion of the new building into the original space. Flood control reinforced base slabs with pumping sumps were made, water infiltration was repaired and walls were insulated and finished with torcreted concrete on load-bearing reinforcements, consolidating the geometry of rolled vaults. The built-in partitions were concreted as monolithic reinforced concrete ones with inserted installations. The design and materials of the individual elements of the vaults are unified for all types of spaces. The surfaces of the walls and ceilings are designed as sandblasted concrete with a cast concrete floor and a cast monolithic staircase. The hatches and doors are finished with surfaces corresponding to the adjoining surfaces of the walls and floors (sandblasted and cast concrete and impregnated black steel in the public toilet vaults). The doors are non-rebated with hidden self-closing devices. In the vaulted spaces, built-in inserts for hanging exhibitions are inserted into the surfaces. The inserted parts of bars and partitions are clad in black titanium-coated stainless-steel plate, complementing through reflection the spatial geometry of the vaults, and through the constant volatile movement of the reflection, bringing the fluid incomprehensibility of the river inside. The lighting is designed using light ramps in the public toilets as indirect lighting embedded in a steel wall with light reflection from the ceiling.

技术性设计

地板采暖，带热量回收的空调和红外加热器的组合可以全年使用，因此可以在全年开放窗户的情况下与河滨地区连接。所有工程组态都集成到库结构中，因此它们不会干扰视觉设计。空调的非典型缝隙插入了Rašín路堤上的门廊楼梯缝和内槽中；而在Hořejší路堤上，则将其插入地板和墙壁的窗框和出口。电气安装插座，水和污水管道都隐藏在内置的圆柱形地板盒中。保险库无障碍，由便携式防洪屏障保护。所有空间均使用模块化，设备齐全的机舱，其中包括壁挂式不锈钢马桶，定制的自动洗手盆，干手器，照明设备，垃圾箱和风扇。厕所门的非典型光占用指示器设计为带有象形图的玻璃球（男人，女人或男女通用）。整个污水处理系统都是压力抽水系统，将污水泵入路堤上方的污水干管。

Technical design

A combination of floor heating with air-conditioning with heat recovery and infrared heaters allows year-round operation, so it can be connected with the riverfront area with the windows open all year. All of the engineering distributions are integrated into the vault structures so that they do not interfere with the visual design. The air conditioning has atypical slits inserted into the portal staircase joints and inner slots on the Rašín Embankment; whereas on the Hořejší Embankment, it is inserted into the window jambs and outlets in the floor and walls. The electrical installation outlets, water and sewerage are hidden in built-in cylindrical floor boxes. The vaults are barrier-free, protected by portable flood-stop barriers. All of the spaces use modular, fully-equipped cabins that include wall-mounted stainless-steel toilets, custom-made, automatic washbasins with hand dryers, lighting, waste bin and fan. The toilet doors have atypical light occupancy indicators designed as a glass ball with a pictogram (men, women or unisex). The entire sewerage removal system works as a pressure pumping system, which pumps the sewage into the sewer mains located above the level of the embankment.

清理河滨地区河岸边缘的重要因素之一是未来的游轮浮动码头，它将使登船者集中在一个中心。漂浮的游泳池恢复了布拉格传统的河浴传统，与该地区的历史有着重要的联系。

One of the important elements enabling the clearing of the bank edge of the riverfront area is a future floating terminal for cruise boats, which will concentrate the boarding of boats into one epicentre. The floating pool, restoring the Prague tradition of river baths, is an element with a significant relationship to the history of the area.